Under-expression is coded with green,
over-expression with red color.
MAPKKK cascade
A cascade of at least three protein kinase activities culminating in the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase. MAPKKK cascades lie downstream of numerous signaling pathways.
metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.
cell activation
A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
cytokine production
The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
regulation of cytokine production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine.
positive regulation of cytokine production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine.
regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
activation of innate immune response
Any process that initiates an innate immune response. Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. Examples of this process include activation of the hypersensitive response of Arabidopsis thaliana and activation of any NOD or TLR signaling pathway in vertebrate species.
pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a cell surface or intracellular pattern recognition receptor (PRR). Such receptors bind for molecular patterns based on a repeating or polymeric structures, like those of polysaccharides or peptidoglycans, which are sometimes associated with potential pathogens.
toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.
response to molecule of bacterial origin
A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.
adaptive immune response
An immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for enhanced response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory).
immune effector process
Any process of the immune system that occurs as part of an immune response.
activation of immune response
Any process that initiates an immune response.
cytokine production involved in immune response
The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus contributing to an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
immune system process
Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats.
inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes.
chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
A chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. A chronic inflammatory response persists indefinitely during days, weeks, or months in the life of an individual.
production of molecular mediator of immune response
The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response following an immunological stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
leukocyte mediated immunity
Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a leukocyte.
lymphocyte mediated immunity
Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a lymphocyte.
adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
An immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains, and allowing for enhanced responses upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies). An example of this is the adaptive immune response found in Mus musculus.
chronic inflammatory response
Inflammation of prolonged duration (weeks or months) in which active inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair are proceeding simultaneously. Although it may follow acute inflammation, chronic inflammation frequently begins insidiously, as a low-grade, smoldering, often asymptomatic response.
regulation of immune system process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
positive regulation of immune system process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
regulation of leukocyte migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.
regulation of immune effector process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
positive regulation of immune effector process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.
immune response-activating signal transduction
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to activation or perpetuation of an immune response.
innate immune response-activating signal transduction
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to activation or perpetuation of an innate immune response.
immune response-regulating signaling pathway
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to the activation, perpetuation, or inhibition of an immune response.
regulation of adaptive immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.
regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.
defense response
Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.
defense response to bacterium
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
response to virus
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.
apoptosis
A form of programmed cell death that begins when a cell receives internal or external signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, proceeds through a series of characteristic stages typically including rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), and plasma membrane blebbing (but maintenance of its integrity until the final stages of the process), and ends with the death of the cell.
signal transduction
The process whereby an activated receptor conveys information down the signaling pathway, resulting in a change in the function or state of a cell.
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
transcription
The cellular synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.
nitrogen compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds; includes nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, assimilatory/dissimilatory nitrate reduction and the interconversion of nitrogenous organic matter and ammonium.
nitric oxide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.
cellular component movement
The directed, self-propelled movement of a cellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore.
chemotaxis
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
response to stress
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
inflammatory response
The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.
immune response
Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
growth
The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell.
cell communication
Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
cell surface receptor linked signaling pathway
Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell.
intracellular protein kinase cascade
A series of reactions that occur within the cell, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
A series of reactions initiated by the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. NF-kappaB is sequestered by the inhibitor I-kappaB, and is released when I-kappaB is phosphorylated by activated I-kappaB kinase.
JNK cascade
A cascade of protein kinase activities, culminating in the phosphorylation and activation of a member of the JUN kinase subfamily of stress-activated protein kinases, which in turn are a subfamily of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases that is activated primarily by cytokines and exposure to environmental stress.
behavior
The specific actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Patterned activity of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.
locomotory behavior
The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.
biological_process
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
cell death
A biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell.
programmed cell death
Cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones.
macromolecule biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
response to external stimulus
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.
response to biotic stimulus
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.
response to wounding
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.
response to other organism
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism.
response to bacterium
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium.
regulation of biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.
positive regulation of biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.
positive regulation of metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
regulation of signal transduction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
positive regulation of signal transduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
cellular process
Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
response to organic substance
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.
gene expression
The process by which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
regulation of gene expression
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
regulation of cell communication
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
positive regulation of cell communication
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
positive regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
regulation of cell death
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
positive regulation of cell death
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
death
A permanent cessation of all vital functions: the end of life; can be applied to a whole organism or to a part of an organism.
regulation of apoptosis
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptosis.
cell migration
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism or multicellular structure.
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a cytokine or chemokine binding to a cell surface receptor.
regulation of metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
antigen processing and presentation
The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen
The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
signal transmission via phosphorylation event
The process whereby a signal is conveyed via the transfer of one or more phosphate groups.
signaling pathway
The series of molecular events whereby information is sent from one location to another within a living organism or between living organisms.
intracellular signaling pathway
The series of molecular events whereby information is sent from one location to another within a cell.
initiation of signal transduction
The process whereby a signal causes activation of a receptor, for example, via a conformation change.
signal initiation by diffusible mediator
The process whereby a diffusible signal causes activation of a receptor.
signaling process
Any biological process involved in the generation, transmission, reception, or interpretation of a signal. A signal is an entity used to transmit or convey information.
signal initiation by protein/peptide mediator
The process whereby a protein/peptide signal causes activation of a receptor.
regulation of signaling process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.
signaling
The entirety of a process whereby information is transmitted. This process begins with the initiation of the signal and ends when a response has been triggered.
positive regulation of signaling process
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.
signal transmission
The process whereby a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another.
regulation of cell migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism
An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term host is usually used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis. The smaller (micro) member is called the symbiont organism. Microscopic symbionts are often referred to as endosymbionts. The various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms; mutualism, in which the association is advantageous, or often necessary to one or both and not harmful to either; and commensalism, in which one member of the association benefits while the other is not affected. However, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of interaction ranging from parasitism to mutualism. In fact, the direction of a symbiotic interaction can change during the lifetime of the symbionts due to developmental changes as well as changes in the biotic/abiotic environment in which the interaction occurs.
leukocyte chemotaxis
The movement of a leukocyte in response to an external stimulus.
stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays one or more of the signals.
regulation of cellular metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
positive regulation of cellular metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
regulation of defense response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.
positive regulation of defense response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.
response to peptidoglycan
A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.
response to lipopolysaccharide
A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
multicellular organismal process
Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function.
chemokine production
The appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
interleukin-12 production
The appearance of interleukin-12 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
interleukin-2 production
The appearance of interleukin-2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
interleukin-6 production
The appearance of interleukin-6 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
tumor necrosis factor production
The appearance of tumor necrosis factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
regulation of interleukin-12 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.
regulation of interleukin-2 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.
regulation of interleukin-6 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.
regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.
regulation of localization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process by which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
cellular response to stress
A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
regulation of growth of symbiont in host
Any process by which the symbiont regulates the increase in its size or mass within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host
Any process by which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces its increase in size or mass within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 2.
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells.
cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, carried out by individual cells.
regulation of signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling pathway.
positive regulation of signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling pathway.
intracellular signal transduction
The process whereby a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.
regulation of growth
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development.
locomotion
Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another.
regulation of locomotion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.
regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines.
cytokine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity.
interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
cytokine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytokines, any of a group of proteins or glycoproteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity.
T cell activation
The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
response to chemical stimulus
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.
taxis
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus.
positive regulation of apoptosis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptosis.
regulation of programmed cell death
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
positive regulation of programmed cell death
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
macromolecule metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
positive regulation of DNA binding
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process by which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
regulation of MAPKKK cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
regulation of multi-organism process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process by which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
negative regulation of multi-organism process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process by which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
regulation of symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiosis, an interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association.
positive regulation of molecular function
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
growth involved in symbiotic interaction
The increase in size or mass of an organism occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction.
growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host
The increase in size or mass of an organism, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
growth of symbiont in host
The increase in size or mass of an organism, occurring within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down host tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
modulation of growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
negative regulation of growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
cellular metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
primary metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
cellular biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
cellular macromolecule metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells.
cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
interspecies interaction between organisms
Any process by which an organism has an effect on an organism of a different species.
regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
innate immune response
Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
regulation of innate immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
positive regulation of innate immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
leukocyte activation
A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
regulation of transcription
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.
negative regulation of growth
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism.
nitric oxide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.
regulation of JNK cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
positive regulation of JNK cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
lymphocyte activation
A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses peptide antigen in association with an MHC protein complex on its cell surface, including proteolysis and transport steps for the peptide antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from an endogenous or exogenous protein.
positive regulation of biological process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
negative regulation of biological process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
positive regulation of cellular process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
regulation of response to stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
positive regulation of response to stimulus
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
cell motility
Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another.
regulation of immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.
positive regulation of immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.
regulation of biological process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
regulation of cellular process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
response to stimulus
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
leukocyte migration
The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
regulation of transcription factor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
positive regulation of transcription factor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
regulation of binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
positive regulation of binding
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
regulation of DNA binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process by which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
localization
Any process by which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in a specific location.
regulation of multicellular organismal process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
positive regulation of multicellular organismal process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
regulation of cellular component movement
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component.
localization of cell
Any process by which a cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
multi-organism process
Any process by which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
cellular response to stimulus
A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
cell chemotaxis
The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
biological regulation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any biological process, quality or function.
regulation of molecular function
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via a stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
A cascade of protein kinase activities, culminating in the phosphorylation and activation of either the ERK1 or ERK2 kinases, which in turn are a subfamily of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases.
regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
cellular response to chemical stimulus
A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.
tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
The appearance of any member of the TNF superfamily due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
regulation of primary metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
regulation of response to stress
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
regulation of cellular response to stress
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to stress. Cellular response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
regulation of transcription regulator activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulator activity, any molecular function that plays a role in regulating transcription; may bind a promoter or enhancer DNA sequence or interact with a DNA-binding transcription factor.
positive regulation of transcription regulator activity
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulator activity, any molecular function that plays a role in regulating transcription; may bind a promoter or enhancer DNA sequence or interact with a DNA-binding transcription factor.
nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids.
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cellular metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
cell death
A biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell.
signaling process
Any biological process involved in the generation, transmission, reception, or interpretation of a signal. A signal is an entity used to transmit or convey information.
positive regulation of immune system process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
positive regulation of metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
positive regulation of cellular process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
positive regulation of multicellular organismal process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
negative regulation of growth
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism.
regulation of immune system process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
regulation of metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
regulation of signaling process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.
regulation of growth
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development.
regulation of locomotion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.
positive regulation of biological process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
negative regulation of biological process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
regulation of cellular process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
regulation of multicellular organismal process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
immune response
Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
regulation of response to stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
positive regulation of response to stimulus
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
cellular response to stimulus
A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
regulation of localization
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process by which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
regulation of multi-organism process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process by which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
negative regulation of multi-organism process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process by which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
regulation of biological process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
positive regulation of biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.
positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
regulation of biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.
positive regulation of metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
macromolecule biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
regulation of cellular metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
positive regulation of cellular metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells.
cellular biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
cellular macromolecule metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells.
regulation of primary metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
positive regulation of immune system process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
positive regulation of immune effector process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
immune effector process
Any process of the immune system that occurs as part of an immune response.
regulation of immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.
positive regulation of immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.
regulation of leukocyte migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.
negative regulation of growth
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism.
leukocyte activation
A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
cell motility
Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another.
positive regulation of cell communication
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
positive regulation of cell death
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
positive regulation of cellular metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
regulation of cell communication
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
regulation of cell death
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
regulation of cellular metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
positive regulation of cellular process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
regulation of cellular component movement
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component.
signal transduction
The process whereby an activated receptor conveys information down the signaling pathway, resulting in a change in the function or state of a cell.
regulation of signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling pathway.
regulation of cytokine production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine.
positive regulation of multicellular organismal process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
positive regulation of cytokine production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine.
positive regulation of immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.
negative regulation of growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
regulation of cellular component movement
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component.
positive regulation of signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling pathway.
negative regulation of multi-organism process
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process by which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
positive regulation of response to stimulus
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
regulation of immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.
cellular response to stress
A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
regulation of response to stress
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
taxis
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus.
response to other organism
A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism.
chemotaxis
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
cellular response to chemical stimulus
A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.
cell motility
Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another.
regulation of transcription regulator activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulator activity, any molecular function that plays a role in regulating transcription; may bind a promoter or enhancer DNA sequence or interact with a DNA-binding transcription factor.
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
positive regulation of biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.
regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, carried out by individual cells.
cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
positive regulation of cellular metabolic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
regulation of gene expression
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
cytokine biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity.
cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, carried out by individual cells.
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
cytokine production involved in immune response
The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus contributing to an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
positive regulation of immune effector process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
innate immune response-activating signal transduction
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to activation or perpetuation of an innate immune response.
regulation of immune effector process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
immune response-regulating signaling pathway
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to the activation, perpetuation, or inhibition of an immune response.
positive regulation of immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.
activation of immune response
Any process that initiates an immune response.
regulation of adaptive immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.
regulation of innate immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
positive regulation of innate immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
negative regulation of growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
modulation of growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
negative regulation of growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host
Any process by which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces its increase in size or mass within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
regulation of cell migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
regulation of signal transduction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
positive regulation of cell communication
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
positive regulation of signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling pathway.
positive regulation of cell death
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
regulation of programmed cell death
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
positive regulation of programmed cell death
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
regulation of signal transduction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
positive regulation of signal transduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
initiation of signal transduction
The process whereby a signal causes activation of a receptor, for example, via a conformation change.
regulation of cellular response to stress
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to stress. Cellular response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
positive regulation of signal transduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
positive regulation of signal transduction
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
immune response-activating signal transduction
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to activation or perpetuation of an immune response.
intracellular signal transduction
The process whereby a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.
positive regulation of cytokine production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine.
regulation of interleukin-12 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.
regulation of interleukin-2 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.
regulation of interleukin-6 production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.
regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines.
interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
regulation of leukocyte migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.
cell chemotaxis
The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
regulation of cell migration
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
leukocyte migration
The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
cell chemotaxis
The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
positive regulation of innate immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
positive regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via a stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
regulation of growth of symbiont in host
Any process by which the symbiont regulates the increase in its size or mass within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
modulation of growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
regulation of cellular response to stress
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to stress. Cellular response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
positive regulation of transcription factor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
regulation of defense response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.
positive regulation of defense response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.
innate immune response
Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
inflammatory response
The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.
taxis
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus.
response to molecule of bacterial origin
A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.
response to molecule of bacterial origin
A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.
defense response to bacterium
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
regulation of symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiosis, an interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association.
growth involved in symbiotic interaction
The increase in size or mass of an organism occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation of transcription regulator activity
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulator activity, any molecular function that plays a role in regulating transcription; may bind a promoter or enhancer DNA sequence or interact with a DNA-binding transcription factor.
positive regulation of binding
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
nitric oxide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.
regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines.
regulation of transcription
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.
transcription
The cellular synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.
positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines.
regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
regulation of transcription
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
regulation of transcription
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.
regulation of transcription
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.
transcription
The cellular synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.
regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.
positive regulation of innate immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
activation of innate immune response
Any process that initiates an innate immune response. Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. Examples of this process include activation of the hypersensitive response of Arabidopsis thaliana and activation of any NOD or TLR signaling pathway in vertebrate species.
regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.
regulation of growth of symbiont in host
Any process by which the symbiont regulates the increase in its size or mass within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host
Any process by which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces its increase in size or mass within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
regulation of apoptosis
Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptosis.
positive regulation of programmed cell death
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
positive regulation of apoptosis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptosis.
intracellular protein kinase cascade
A series of reactions that occur within the cell, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via a stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
leukocyte chemotaxis
The movement of a leukocyte in response to an external stimulus.
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a cytokine or chemokine binding to a cell surface receptor.
regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
positive regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays one or more of the signals.
regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.
regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.
positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
regulation of JNK cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
positive regulation of defense response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.
regulation of innate immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes.
positive regulation of DNA binding
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process by which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
regulation of transcription factor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
regulation of transcription factor activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
positive regulation of apoptosis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptosis.
positive regulation of JNK cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
regulation of JNK cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
positive regulation of JNK cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
JNK cascade
A cascade of protein kinase activities, culminating in the phosphorylation and activation of a member of the JUN kinase subfamily of stress-activated protein kinases, which in turn are a subfamily of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases that is activated primarily by cytokines and exposure to environmental stress.
regulation of MAPKKK cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
positive regulation of JNK cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
A chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. A chronic inflammatory response persists indefinitely during days, weeks, or months in the life of an individual.
positive regulation of transcription factor activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
plasma membrane
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
membrane
Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
cellular_component
The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together.
cell
The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
external side of plasma membrane
The side of the plasma membrane that is opposite to the side that faces the cytoplasm.
cell surface
The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
membrane part
Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
plasma membrane part
Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
cell part
Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
all
NA
cell part
Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
membrane part
Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
plasma membrane part
Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
external side of plasma membrane
The side of the plasma membrane that is opposite to the side that faces the cytoplasm.
protein binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
G-protein-coupled receptor binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein-coupled receptor.
molecular_function
Elemental activities, such as catalysis or binding, describing the actions of a gene product at the molecular level. A given gene product may exhibit one or more molecular functions.
antigen binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an antigen, any substance which is capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, the specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Binding may counteract the biological activity of the antigen.
receptor binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
cytokine activity
Functions to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.
cytokine receptor binding
Interacting selectively with a cytokine receptor.
binding
The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
chemokine activity
The function of a family of chemotactic pro-inflammatory activation-inducible cytokines acting primarily upon hemopoietic cells in immunoregulatory processes; all chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation.
chemokine receptor binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any chemokine receptor.
all
NA
chemokine receptor binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any chemokine receptor.
chemokine activity
The function of a family of chemotactic pro-inflammatory activation-inducible cytokines acting primarily upon hemopoietic cells in immunoregulatory processes; all chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation.
| Id | Pvalue | ExpCount | Count | Size | Term |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 05140 | 4.809e-05 | 1.09 | 9 | 51 | Leishmaniasis |
| 04620 | 1.625e-04 | 1.625 | 10 | 76 | Toll-like receptor signaling pathway |
| 04612 | 1.127e-03 | 0.9406 | 7 | 44 | Antigen processing and presentation |
| 04621 | 1.877e-03 | 1.026 | 7 | 48 | NOD-like receptor signaling pathway |
| 05310 | 2.007e-03 | 0.4489 | 5 | 21 | Asthma |
| 05144 | 2.482e-03 | 0.7482 | 6 | 35 | Malaria |
| 05322 | 2.971e-03 | 1.112 | 7 | 52 | Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| 05330 | 3.602e-03 | 0.513 | 5 | 24 | Allograft rejection |
| 05332 | 3.602e-03 | 0.513 | 5 | 24 | Graft-versus-host disease |
| 04145 | 3.906e-03 | 1.988 | 9 | 93 | Phagosome |
| 04940 | 5.912e-03 | 0.5772 | 5 | 27 | Type I diabetes mellitus |
| 04622 | 1.451e-02 | 1.09 | 6 | 51 | RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway |
| 04062 | 1.573e-02 | 3.014 | 10 | 141 | Chemokine signaling pathway |
| 04060 | 1.817e-02 | 4.233 | 12 | 198 | Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction |
| 05142 | 2.878e-02 | 1.731 | 7 | 81 | Chagas disease |
| 05320 | 4.543e-02 | 0.5985 | 4 | 28 | Autoimmune thyroid disease |
ADAMDEC1ADAM-like, decysin 1 (ENSG00000134028), score: 0.66 ADAMTS17ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 17 (ENSG00000140470), score: 0.45 AENapoptosis enhancing nuclease (ENSG00000181026), score: 0.46 ANKRD22ankyrin repeat domain 22 (ENSG00000152766), score: 0.57 ARL14ADP-ribosylation factor-like 14 (ENSG00000179674), score: 0.96 ASCL2achaete-scute complex homolog 2 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000183734), score: 0.67 BATFbasic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like (ENSG00000156127), score: 0.51 BATF2basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like 2 (ENSG00000168062), score: 0.63 BBS10Bardet-Biedl syndrome 10 (ENSG00000179941), score: -0.5 BCL2A1BCL2-related protein A1 (ENSG00000140379), score: 0.46 BIRC3baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 3 (ENSG00000023445), score: 0.46 BTKBruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (ENSG00000010671), score: 0.56 C16orf7chromosome 16 open reading frame 7 (ENSG00000075399), score: 0.5 C19orf22chromosome 19 open reading frame 22 (ENSG00000198858), score: 0.45 C22orf28chromosome 22 open reading frame 28 (ENSG00000100220), score: 0.6 C3AR1complement component 3a receptor 1 (ENSG00000171860), score: 0.51 CALCBcalcitonin-related polypeptide beta (ENSG00000175868), score: 0.65 CASP5caspase 5, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase (ENSG00000137757), score: 0.52 CCBL1cysteine conjugate-beta lyase, cytoplasmic (ENSG00000171097), score: -0.49 CCL20chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (ENSG00000115009), score: 0.75 CD1BCD1b molecule (ENSG00000158485), score: 0.47 CD244CD244 molecule, natural killer cell receptor 2B4 (ENSG00000122223), score: 0.56 CD2BP2CD2 (cytoplasmic tail) binding protein 2 (ENSG00000169217), score: 0.59 CD48CD48 molecule (ENSG00000117091), score: 0.46 CD68CD68 molecule (ENSG00000129226), score: 0.58 CD74CD74 molecule, major histocompatibility complex, class II invariant chain (ENSG00000019582), score: 0.45 CD86CD86 molecule (ENSG00000114013), score: 0.46 CENPAcentromere protein A (ENSG00000115163), score: 0.54 CHPF2chondroitin polymerizing factor 2 (ENSG00000033100), score: 0.56 CLEC3AC-type lectin domain family 3, member A (ENSG00000166509), score: 0.52 CLEC7AC-type lectin domain family 7, member A (ENSG00000172243), score: 0.58 CMPK2cytidine monophosphate (UMP-CMP) kinase 2, mitochondrial (ENSG00000134326), score: 0.67 CNPY4canopy 4 homolog (zebrafish) (ENSG00000166997), score: -0.47 CSF2RBcolony stimulating factor 2 receptor, beta, low-affinity (granulocyte-macrophage) (ENSG00000100368), score: 0.46 CTSScathepsin S (ENSG00000163131), score: 0.52 CXCL10chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (ENSG00000169245), score: 0.87 CXCL11chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11 (ENSG00000169248), score: 0.81 CXCL6chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6 (granulocyte chemotactic protein 2) (ENSG00000124875), score: 0.59 CXCL9chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (ENSG00000138755), score: 0.84 CXorf21chromosome X open reading frame 21 (ENSG00000120280), score: 0.47 CYBBcytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide (ENSG00000165168), score: 0.54 CYTH4cytohesin 4 (ENSG00000100055), score: 0.46 DDIT3DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 (ENSG00000175197), score: 0.56 DDX54DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 54 (ENSG00000123064), score: 0.46 DDX56DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 56 (ENSG00000136271), score: 0.46 DDX58DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58 (ENSG00000107201), score: 0.59 DDX60DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 60 (ENSG00000137628), score: 0.49 DLX3distal-less homeobox 3 (ENSG00000064195), score: 0.58 DUOX2dual oxidase 2 (ENSG00000140279), score: 0.95 DUOXA2dual oxidase maturation factor 2 (ENSG00000140274), score: 0.96 DUTdeoxyuridine triphosphatase (ENSG00000128951), score: -0.48 EIF4A3eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (ENSG00000141543), score: 0.74 EMDemerin (ENSG00000102119), score: 0.46 EPSTI1epithelial stromal interaction 1 (breast) (ENSG00000133106), score: 0.75 ETV6ets variant 6 (ENSG00000139083), score: 0.52 ETV7ets variant 7 (ENSG00000010030), score: 0.97 FAM82A2family with sequence similarity 82, member A2 (ENSG00000137824), score: 0.49 FARSAphenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, alpha subunit (ENSG00000179115), score: 0.63 FERMT3fermitin family member 3 (ENSG00000149781), score: 0.5 FFAR2free fatty acid receptor 2 (ENSG00000126262), score: 0.86 FGF19fibroblast growth factor 19 (ENSG00000162344), score: 0.91 FOSL1FOS-like antigen 1 (ENSG00000175592), score: 0.49 FPR1formyl peptide receptor 1 (ENSG00000171051), score: 0.49 FYBFYN binding protein (ENSG00000082074), score: 0.53 GAB1GRB2-associated binding protein 1 (ENSG00000109458), score: -0.48 GABPB2GA binding protein transcription factor, beta subunit 2 (ENSG00000143458), score: -0.52 GBP1guanylate binding protein 1, interferon-inducible, 67kDa (ENSG00000117228), score: 0.57 GBP3guanylate binding protein 3 (ENSG00000117226), score: 0.49 GKglycerol kinase (ENSG00000198814), score: 0.46 GMIPGEM interacting protein (ENSG00000089639), score: 0.54 GPR82G protein-coupled receptor 82 (ENSG00000171657), score: 0.8 GPR84G protein-coupled receptor 84 (ENSG00000139572), score: 0.77 HCKhemopoietic cell kinase (ENSG00000101336), score: 0.49 HIST2H2ABhistone cluster 2, H2ab (ENSG00000184270), score: 1 HLA-DOBmajor histocompatibility complex, class II, DO beta (ENSG00000204267), score: 0.54 HLA-DQB1major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1 (ENSG00000179344), score: 0.52 ICAM1intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ENSG00000090339), score: 0.66 IFI35interferon-induced protein 35 (ENSG00000068079), score: 0.48 IFI44interferon-induced protein 44 (ENSG00000137965), score: 0.56 IFI44Linterferon-induced protein 44-like (ENSG00000137959), score: 0.45 IFI6interferon, alpha-inducible protein 6 (ENSG00000126709), score: 0.69 IFIT1interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (ENSG00000185745), score: 0.58 IFIT2interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 (ENSG00000119922), score: 0.61 IFIT3interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (ENSG00000119917), score: 0.81 IL10interleukin 10 (ENSG00000136634), score: 0.5 IL17Finterleukin 17F (ENSG00000112116), score: 0.63 IL18BPinterleukin 18 binding protein (ENSG00000137496), score: 0.51 IL1Binterleukin 1, beta (ENSG00000125538), score: 0.63 IL2RAinterleukin 2 receptor, alpha (ENSG00000134460), score: 0.78 IL8interleukin 8 (ENSG00000169429), score: 0.68 INTS3integrator complex subunit 3 (ENSG00000143624), score: -0.54 IRAK1interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (ENSG00000184216), score: 0.57 IRF1interferon regulatory factor 1 (ENSG00000125347), score: 0.6 ISG15ISG15 ubiquitin-like modifier (ENSG00000187608), score: 0.69 ISG20interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20kDa (ENSG00000172183), score: 0.7 ITLN2intelectin 2 (ENSG00000158764), score: 0.73 JAM2junctional adhesion molecule 2 (ENSG00000154721), score: -0.53 KLHDC1kelch domain containing 1 (ENSG00000197776), score: -0.54 KLHL36kelch-like 36 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000135686), score: 0.49 KRTAP8-1keratin associated protein 8-1 (ENSG00000183640), score: 0.56 LAG3lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (ENSG00000089692), score: 0.46 LAP3leucine aminopeptidase 3 (ENSG00000002549), score: 0.5 LCN2lipocalin 2 (ENSG00000148346), score: 0.66 LIMK2LIM domain kinase 2 (ENSG00000182541), score: 0.52 LIPKlipase, family member K (ENSG00000204021), score: 0.59 LIX1LLix1 homolog (mouse)-like (ENSG00000152022), score: -0.51 LOC100289760hypothetical protein LOC100289760 (ENSG00000211891), score: 0.67 LRRC25leucine rich repeat containing 25 (ENSG00000175489), score: 0.53 LYNv-yes-1 Yamaguchi sarcoma viral related oncogene homolog (ENSG00000147507), score: 0.51 LYSMD1LysM, putative peptidoglycan-binding, domain containing 1 (ENSG00000163155), score: -0.52 MBOAT4membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 4 (ENSG00000177669), score: 0.76 MPEG1macrophage expressed 1 (ENSG00000197629), score: 0.46 MSR1macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (ENSG00000038945), score: 0.61 MX1myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1, interferon-inducible protein p78 (mouse) (ENSG00000157601), score: 0.77 MYST4MYST histone acetyltransferase (monocytic leukemia) 4 (ENSG00000156650), score: -0.46 NAPEPLDN-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (ENSG00000161048), score: -0.47 NFAM1NFAT activating protein with ITAM motif 1 (ENSG00000235568), score: 0.7 NLRC5NLR family, CARD domain containing 5 (ENSG00000140853), score: 0.59 NOB1NIN1/RPN12 binding protein 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae) (ENSG00000141101), score: 0.49 NOD2nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (ENSG00000167207), score: 0.73 NOS2nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible (ENSG00000007171), score: 0.47 OAS12',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, 40/46kDa (ENSG00000089127), score: 0.6 OAS22'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 2, 69/71kDa (ENSG00000111335), score: 0.59 OASL2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like (ENSG00000135114), score: 0.65 OGFRopioid growth factor receptor (ENSG00000060491), score: 0.58 OLIG3oligodendrocyte transcription factor 3 (ENSG00000177468), score: 0.54 OPN1SWopsin 1 (cone pigments), short-wave-sensitive (ENSG00000128617), score: 0.49 PARP12poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 12 (ENSG00000059378), score: 0.52 PARP14poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 14 (ENSG00000173193), score: 0.51 PARP9poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 9 (ENSG00000138496), score: 0.54 PDCD1programmed cell death 1 (ENSG00000188389), score: 0.47 PDCD7programmed cell death 7 (ENSG00000090470), score: -0.5 PEX6peroxisomal biogenesis factor 6 (ENSG00000124587), score: -0.62 PF4V1platelet factor 4 variant 1 (ENSG00000109272), score: 0.48 PIGLphosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class L (ENSG00000108474), score: 0.46 PLEKpleckstrin (ENSG00000115956), score: 0.59 PMM2phosphomannomutase 2 (ENSG00000140650), score: 0.48 PRAMEF12PRAME family member 12 (ENSG00000116726), score: 0.81 PRG2proteoglycan 2, bone marrow (natural killer cell activator, eosinophil granule major basic protein) (ENSG00000186652), score: 0.61 PRIC285peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor A interacting complex 285 (ENSG00000130589), score: 0.61 PSMB8proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 8 (large multifunctional peptidase 7) (ENSG00000204264), score: 0.51 PSMB9proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 9 (large multifunctional peptidase 2) (ENSG00000240065), score: 0.53 PSTPIP2proline-serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 2 (ENSG00000152229), score: 0.45 QSOX1quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (ENSG00000116260), score: 0.49 RAB23RAB23, member RAS oncogene family (ENSG00000112210), score: -0.51 RAP2BRAP2B, member of RAS oncogene family (ENSG00000181467), score: 0.52 RAPSNreceptor-associated protein of the synapse (ENSG00000165917), score: 0.45 RARRES3retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 3 (ENSG00000133321), score: 0.5 RASA1RAS p21 protein activator (GTPase activating protein) 1 (ENSG00000145715), score: -0.49 RELBv-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B (ENSG00000104856), score: 0.57 RIPK2receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2 (ENSG00000104312), score: 0.61 RNF149ring finger protein 149 (ENSG00000163162), score: 0.48 RNF213ring finger protein 213 (ENSG00000173821), score: 0.48 RRAGCRas-related GTP binding C (ENSG00000116954), score: 0.46 RRP1ribosomal RNA processing 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae) (ENSG00000160214), score: 0.45 RSAD2radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (ENSG00000134321), score: 0.64 RTP4receptor (chemosensory) transporter protein 4 (ENSG00000136514), score: 0.58 RUNX1runt-related transcription factor 1 (ENSG00000159216), score: 0.66 SAMSN1SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1 (ENSG00000155307), score: 0.5 SCO2SCO cytochrome oxidase deficient homolog 2 (yeast) (ENSG00000130489), score: 0.48 SERPINB8serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 8 (ENSG00000166401), score: 0.67 SERTAD1SERTA domain containing 1 (ENSG00000197019), score: 0.52 SESN1sestrin 1 (ENSG00000080546), score: -0.48 SFNstratifin (ENSG00000175793), score: 0.47 SGCEsarcoglycan, epsilon (ENSG00000127990), score: -0.59 SHISA5shisa homolog 5 (Xenopus laevis) (ENSG00000164054), score: 0.52 SLASrc-like-adaptor (ENSG00000155926), score: 0.46 SLC25A28solute carrier family 25, member 28 (ENSG00000155287), score: 0.61 SLC35A5solute carrier family 35, member A5 (ENSG00000138459), score: -0.53 SLC35B1solute carrier family 35, member B1 (ENSG00000121073), score: 0.49 SLC3A2solute carrier family 3 (activators of dibasic and neutral amino acid transport), member 2 (ENSG00000168003), score: 0.46 SLC45A2solute carrier family 45, member 2 (ENSG00000164175), score: 0.45 SOCS1suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (ENSG00000185338), score: 0.57 SOD2superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial (ENSG00000112096), score: 0.54 STAT1signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91kDa (ENSG00000115415), score: 0.73 STK19serine/threonine kinase 19 (ENSG00000204344), score: 0.77 TAP1transporter 1, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP) (ENSG00000168394), score: 0.54 TCOF1Treacher Collins-Franceschetti syndrome 1 (ENSG00000070814), score: 0.74 TLR2toll-like receptor 2 (ENSG00000137462), score: 0.51 TM2D1TM2 domain containing 1 (ENSG00000162604), score: -0.49 TMEM156transmembrane protein 156 (ENSG00000121895), score: 0.65 TNFtumor necrosis factor (ENSG00000232810), score: 0.61 TREM1triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (ENSG00000124731), score: 0.51 TRIM21tripartite motif-containing 21 (ENSG00000132109), score: 0.48 TRIM22tripartite motif-containing 22 (ENSG00000132274), score: 0.5 TRIM25tripartite motif-containing 25 (ENSG00000121060), score: 0.56 TYMPthymidine phosphorylase (ENSG00000025708), score: 0.63 TYROBPTYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein (ENSG00000011600), score: 0.5 UBE2L6ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2L 6 (ENSG00000156587), score: 0.62 UBE2Zubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2Z (ENSG00000159202), score: 0.51 ZBP1Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ENSG00000124256), score: 0.83 ZC3H12Azinc finger CCCH-type containing 12A (ENSG00000163874), score: 0.62 ZFYVE19zinc finger, FYVE domain containing 19 (ENSG00000166140), score: -0.53 ZNF559zinc finger protein 559 (ENSG00000188321), score: -0.52 ZNFX1zinc finger, NFX1-type containing 1 (ENSG00000124201), score: 0.68
| Id | species | tissue | sex | individual |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ppa_br_f1_ca1 | ppa | br | f | 1 |
| ptr_kd_f_ca1 | ptr | kd | f | _ |
| ptr_lv_f_ca1 | ptr | lv | f | _ |
