Module #117, TG: 2.4, TC: 1.8, 239 probes, 237 Entrez genes, 4 conditions

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cell activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.

cytokine production

The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.

regulation of cytokine production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine.

positive regulation of cytokine production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine.

activation of innate immune response

Any process that initiates an innate immune response. Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. Examples of this process include activation of the hypersensitive response of Arabidopsis thaliana and activation of any NOD or TLR signaling pathway in vertebrate species.

pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a cell surface or intracellular pattern recognition receptor (PRR). Such receptors bind for molecular patterns based on a repeating or polymeric structures, like those of polysaccharides or peptidoglycans, which are sometimes associated with potential pathogens.

toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.

response to molecule of bacterial origin

A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.

adaptive immune response

An immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for enhanced response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory).

immune effector process

Any process of the immune system that occurs as part of an immune response.

activation of immune response

Any process that initiates an immune response.

cell activation involved in immune response

A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.

lymphocyte activation involved in immune response

A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.

T cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.

alpha-beta T cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.

T cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process whereby an antigenically nave T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.

alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process whereby an antigenically nave alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell during an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.

CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process whereby an antigenically nave CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.

leukocyte activation involved in immune response

A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.

immune system process

Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats.

immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of a cell capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response.

leukocyte mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a leukocyte.

lymphocyte mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a lymphocyte.

adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

An immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains, and allowing for enhanced responses upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies). An example of this is the adaptive immune response found in Mus musculus.

immune system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.

leukocyte differentiation

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell or any cell of the myeloid leukocyte or lymphocyte lineages.

myeloid leukocyte differentiation

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage.

regulation of immune system process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.

positive regulation of immune system process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.

regulation of leukocyte activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.

positive regulation of leukocyte activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.

regulation of immune effector process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.

regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.

regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.

immune response-activating signal transduction

The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to activation or perpetuation of an immune response.

innate immune response-activating signal transduction

regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.

immune response-regulating signaling pathway

immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell capable of activating, perpetuating, or inhibiting an immune response.

regulation of adaptive immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.

positive regulation of adaptive immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.

regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.

positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.

defense response

Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.

defense response to bacterium

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.

response to virus

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.

apoptosis

A form of programmed cell death that begins when a cell receives internal or external signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, proceeds through a series of characteristic stages typically including rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), and plasma membrane blebbing (but maintenance of its integrity until the final stages of the process), and ends with the death of the cell.

signal transduction

The process whereby an activated receptor conveys information down the signaling pathway, resulting in a change in the function or state of a cell.

chemotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).

response to stress

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).

inflammatory response

The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.

immune response

Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.

cell communication

Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.

cell surface receptor linked signaling pathway

Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell.

intracellular protein kinase cascade

A series of reactions that occur within the cell, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.

multicellular organismal development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).

behavior

The specific actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Patterned activity of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.

locomotory behavior

The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.

biological_process

Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.

cell death

A biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell.

programmed cell death

Cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.

defense response to Gram-positive bacterium

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.

response to external stimulus

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.

response to biotic stimulus

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.

response to wounding

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.

response to other organism

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism.

response to bacterium

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium.

regulation of signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.

positive regulation of signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.

cellular process

Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.

response to organic substance

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.

regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.

regulation of cell communication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.

positive regulation of cell communication

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.

positive regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.

death

A permanent cessation of all vital functions: the end of life; can be applied to a whole organism or to a part of an organism.

cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a cytokine or chemokine binding to a cell surface receptor.

antigen processing and presentation

The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.

signal transmission via phosphorylation event

The process whereby a signal is conveyed via the transfer of one or more phosphate groups.

signaling pathway

The series of molecular events whereby information is sent from one location to another within a living organism or between living organisms.

intracellular signaling pathway

The series of molecular events whereby information is sent from one location to another within a cell.

initiation of signal transduction

The process whereby a signal causes activation of a receptor, for example, via a conformation change.

signal initiation by diffusible mediator

The process whereby a diffusible signal causes activation of a receptor.

signaling process

Any biological process involved in the generation, transmission, reception, or interpretation of a signal. A signal is an entity used to transmit or convey information.

signal initiation by protein/peptide mediator

The process whereby a protein/peptide signal causes activation of a receptor.

regulation of signaling process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.

signaling

The entirety of a process whereby information is transmitted. This process begins with the initiation of the signal and ends when a response has been triggered.

positive regulation of signaling process

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.

signal transmission

The process whereby a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another.

hemopoiesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates.

lymphocyte differentiation

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of B cells, T cells, or natural killer cells.

myeloid cell differentiation

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages.

cell differentiation

The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.

T cell differentiation

The process by which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.

granulocyte differentiation

The process by which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a class of leukocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are active in allergic immune reactions such as arthritic inflammation and rashes. This class includes basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils.

regulation of granulocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.

stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade

A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays one or more of the signals.

regulation of defense response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.

positive regulation of defense response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.

response to lipopolysaccharide

A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.

multicellular organismal process

Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function.

developmental process

A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition.

interleukin-2 production

The appearance of interleukin-2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.

interleukin-6 production

The appearance of interleukin-6 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.

tumor necrosis factor production

The appearance of tumor necrosis factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.

regulation of interleukin-2 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.

regulation of interleukin-6 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.

regulation of tumor necrosis factor production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.

positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.

cellular response to stress

A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).

regulation of signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling pathway.

positive regulation of signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling pathway.

intracellular signal transduction

The process whereby a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.

locomotion

Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another.

T-helper cell differentiation

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized thymocyte acquires specialized features of a T-helper cell.

T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.

response to chemical stimulus

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.

taxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus.

CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.

regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation.

positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation.

interspecies interaction between organisms

Any process by which an organism has an effect on an organism of a different species.

innate immune response

Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.

regulation of innate immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.

positive regulation of innate immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.

leukocyte activation

A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.

regulation of T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.

positive regulation of T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.

regulation of cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features.

positive regulation of cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.

regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.

regulation of T-helper cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.

positive regulation of T-helper cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.

regulation of myeloid cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.

alpha-beta T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.

alpha-beta T cell differentiation

The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta T cell.

regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.

positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.

regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.

positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.

lymphocyte activation

A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.

organ development

Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.

positive regulation of biological process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.

positive regulation of cellular process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.

hemopoietic or lymphoid organ development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hemopoiesis or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation.

regulation of response to stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.

positive regulation of response to stimulus

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.

system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.

anatomical structure development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.

cellular developmental process

A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition.

regulation of immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.

positive regulation of immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.

regulation of biological process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.

regulation of developmental process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).

regulation of cellular process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.

regulation of T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.

regulation of cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation, the change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.

positive regulation of cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation.

positive regulation of T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.

response to stimulus

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.

positive regulation of developmental process

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).

regulation of multicellular organismal process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.

positive regulation of multicellular organismal process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.

regulation of lymphocyte activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.

positive regulation of lymphocyte activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.

multi-organism process

Any process by which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.

cellular response to stimulus

A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.

biological regulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any biological process, quality or function.

regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via a stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.

positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.

response to lipoteichoic acid

A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.

cellular response to biotic stimulus

A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.

cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin

A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.

cellular response to lipoteichoic acid

A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.

tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production

The appearance of any member of the TNF superfamily due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.

regulation of response to stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).

regulation of cellular response to stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to stress. Cellular response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).

regulation of multicellular organismal development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development.

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