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Expression data for module #441

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Under-expression is coded with green, over-expression with red color.

Help | Hide | Top The GO tree — Biological processes

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regulation of neurotransmitter levels

Any process that modulates levels of neurotransmitter.

generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling

The cellular process by which a physical entity or change in state, a signal, is created that originates in one cell and is used to transfer information to another cell. This process begins with the initial formation of the signal and ends with the mature form and placement of the signal.

system process

A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective.

secretion

The controlled release of a substance by a cell, a group of cells, or a tissue.

transport

The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.

ion transport

The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.

neurotransmitter transport

The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.

cellular ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady-state of ions at the level of a cell.

cell communication

Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.

cell surface receptor linked signaling pathway

Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell.

G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand.

gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, to a cell surface receptor.

cell-cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another.

synaptic transmission

The process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.

neurotransmitter secretion

The regulated release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin.

neurological system process

A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.

biological_process

Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.

cellular process

Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.

transmission of nerve impulse

The neurological system process by which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by synaptic transmission and the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a nerve cell (neuron) in response to stimulation.

cellular homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady-state at the level of the cell.

signaling pathway

The series of molecular events whereby information is sent from one location to another within a living organism or between living organisms.

signaling process

Any biological process involved in the generation, transmission, reception, or interpretation of a signal. A signal is an entity used to transmit or convey information.

signaling

The entirety of a process whereby information is transmitted. This process begins with the initiation of the signal and ends when a response has been triggered.

signal transmission

The process whereby a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another.

signal release

The process whereby a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source.

multicellular organismal process

Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function.

secretion by cell

The controlled release of a substance by a cell.

regulation of membrane potential

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.

homeostatic process

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady-state.

ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady-state of ions within an organism or cell.

chemical homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady-state of a chemical.

localization

Any process by which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in a specific location.

establishment of localization

The directed movement of a cell, substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location.

cellular localization

Any process by which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.

establishment of localization in cell

The directed movement of a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell.

membrane depolarization

The process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential, usually from negative to positive. For example, the initial depolarization during the rising phase of an action potential is in the direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.

cellular chemical homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady-state of a chemical at the level of the cell.

regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the postsynaptic membrane potential, which is generated by changes in the membrane potential of the post synaptic neuron that receives information at a synapse. The presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft which bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. After being bound by the neurotransmitters, these receptors can open or close an ion channel, allowing ions to enter or leave the cell and therefore altering the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron.

regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporay increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.

biological regulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any biological process, quality or function.

regulation of biological quality

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.

all

NA

generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling

The cellular process by which a physical entity or change in state, a signal, is created that originates in one cell and is used to transfer information to another cell. This process begins with the initial formation of the signal and ends with the mature form and placement of the signal.

signaling process

Any biological process involved in the generation, transmission, reception, or interpretation of a signal. A signal is an entity used to transmit or convey information.

establishment of localization

The directed movement of a cell, substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location.

cellular localization

Any process by which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.

signal release

The process whereby a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source.

cell-cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another.

establishment of localization in cell

The directed movement of a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell.

transmission of nerve impulse

The neurological system process by which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by synaptic transmission and the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a nerve cell (neuron) in response to stimulation.

signal release

The process whereby a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source.

neurotransmitter secretion

The regulated release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin.

generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling

The cellular process by which a physical entity or change in state, a signal, is created that originates in one cell and is used to transfer information to another cell. This process begins with the initial formation of the signal and ends with the mature form and placement of the signal.

secretion by cell

The controlled release of a substance by a cell.

synaptic transmission

The process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.

regulation of neurotransmitter levels

Any process that modulates levels of neurotransmitter.

transmission of nerve impulse

The neurological system process by which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by synaptic transmission and the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a nerve cell (neuron) in response to stimulation.

secretion by cell

The controlled release of a substance by a cell.

neurotransmitter secretion

The regulated release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin.

neurotransmitter secretion

The regulated release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin.

cellular homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady-state at the level of the cell.

cellular chemical homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady-state of a chemical at the level of the cell.

regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the postsynaptic membrane potential, which is generated by changes in the membrane potential of the post synaptic neuron that receives information at a synapse. The presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft which bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. After being bound by the neurotransmitters, these receptors can open or close an ion channel, allowing ions to enter or leave the cell and therefore altering the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron.

cellular ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady-state of ions at the level of a cell.

regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporay increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.

Help | Hide | Top The GO tree — Cellular Components

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plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

intracellular

The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.

membrane

Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.

integral to membrane

Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane.

integral to plasma membrane

Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.

cellular_component

The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together.

cell

The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

cytoskeleton

Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.

synaptic vesicle

A secretory organelle, some 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and is secreted these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.

voltage-gated potassium channel complex

A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which potassium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential.

ionotropic glutamate receptor complex

A multimeric assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand-gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex.

endomembrane system

A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles.

vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.

postsynaptic density

The post synaptic density is a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse. It forms a disc that consists of a range of proteins with different functions, some of which contact the cytoplasmic domains of ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane. The proteins making up the disc include receptors, and structural proteins linked to the actin cytoskeleton. They also include signalling machinery, such as protein kinases and phosphatases.

cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle

A membrane-bounded vesicle found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

cell junction

A plasma membrane part that forms a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.

coated vesicle

Small membrane-bounded organelle formed by pinching off of a coated region of membrane. Some coats are made of clathrin, whereas others are made from other proteins.

clathrin-coated vesicle

A vesicle with a coat formed of clathrin connected to the membrane via one of the clathrin adaptor complexes.

cytoplasmic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle.

coated vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a coated vesicle.

clathrin coated vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle.

synaptic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.

organelle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an organelle.

intrinsic to membrane

Located in a membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.

intrinsic to plasma membrane

Located in the plasma membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.

cytoplasmic vesicle

A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.

vesicle

Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane or protein.

membrane-bounded vesicle

Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by a lipid bilayer.

alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid selective glutamate receptor complex

An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. The AMPA receptors mediate fast synaptic transmission in the CNS and are composed of subunits GluR1-4, products from separate genes. These subunits have an extracellular N-terminus and an intracellular C-terminus.

macromolecular complex

A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which the constituent parts function together.

ion channel complex

A protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.

cation channel complex

An ion channel complex through which cations pass.

potassium channel complex

An ion channel complex through which potassium ions pass.

chloride channel complex

An ion channel complex through which chloride ions pass.

presynaptic membrane

A specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.

cell projection

A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.

neuron projection

A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.

organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.

membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.

non-membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.

intracellular organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.

intracellular membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.

intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.

protein complex

Any macromolecular complex composed of two or more polypeptide subunits, which may or may not be identical. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleotides, metal ions or other small molecules.

receptor complex

Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.

organelle part

Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane.

intracellular part

Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.

membrane part

Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.

cytoskeletal part

Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice.

cytoplasmic vesicle part

Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.

cytoplasmic part

Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

intracellular organelle part

A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane.

synapse part

Any constituent part of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.

plasma membrane part

Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

cell part

Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.

synapse

The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell; the site of interneuronal communication. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

postsynaptic membrane

A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

all

NA

cell part

Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.

organelle part

Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane.

synapse part

Any constituent part of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.

organelle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an organelle.

cytoplasmic vesicle

A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.

intracellular membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.

intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.

intracellular organelle part

A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane.

intracellular part

Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.

organelle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an organelle.

presynaptic membrane

A specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.

membrane part

Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.

postsynaptic membrane

A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.

intracellular organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.

intracellular organelle part

A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane.

ion channel complex

A protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.

cytoplasmic vesicle part

Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.

vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.

cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle

A membrane-bounded vesicle found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle

A membrane-bounded vesicle found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

postsynaptic density

The post synaptic density is a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse. It forms a disc that consists of a range of proteins with different functions, some of which contact the cytoplasmic domains of ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane. The proteins making up the disc include receptors, and structural proteins linked to the actin cytoskeleton. They also include signalling machinery, such as protein kinases and phosphatases.

cytoplasmic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle.

plasma membrane part

Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

cytoplasmic part

Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

cytoplasmic vesicle

A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.

cytoplasmic vesicle part

Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.

ionotropic glutamate receptor complex

A multimeric assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand-gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex.

intrinsic to plasma membrane

Located in the plasma membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.

cytoplasmic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle.

cytoskeletal part

Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice.

ion channel complex

A protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.

integral to plasma membrane

Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.

voltage-gated potassium channel complex

A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which potassium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential.

coated vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a coated vesicle.

voltage-gated potassium channel complex

A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which potassium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential.

ionotropic glutamate receptor complex

A multimeric assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand-gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex.

synaptic vesicle

A secretory organelle, some 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and is secreted these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.

clathrin coated vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle.

synaptic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.

Help | Hide | Top The GO tree — Molecular Function

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molecular_function

Elemental activities, such as catalysis or binding, describing the actions of a gene product at the molecular level. A given gene product may exhibit one or more molecular functions.

signal transducer activity

Mediates the transfer of a signal from the outside to the inside of a cell by means other than the introduction of the signal molecule itself into the cell.

receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.

transmembrane receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity, and spanning to the membrane of either the cell or an organelle.

GABA-A receptor activity

Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) to initiate a change in cell activity. GABA-A receptors function as chloride channels.

ionotropic glutamate receptor activity

Combining with glutamate to initiate a change in cell activity through the regulation of ion channels.

transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells.

ion channel activity

Catalysis of facilitated diffusion of an ion (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.

extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.

excitatory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity

NA

extracellular-glutamate-gated ion channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.

voltage-gated ion channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a voltage-gated channel. An ion is an atom or group of atoms carrying an electric charge by virtue of having gained or lost one or more electrons.

voltage-gated potassium channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel.

cation channel activity

Catalysis of the energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.

potassium channel activity

Catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a potassium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.

transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a substance from one side of a membrane to the other.

glutamate receptor activity

Combining with glutamate to initiate a change in cell activity.

cation transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the transfer of cation from one side of the membrane to the other.

anion transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a negatively charged ion from one side of a membrane to the other.

ion transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other.

channel activity

Catalysis of energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Stereospecificity is not exhibited but this transport may be specific for a particular molecular species or class of molecules.

ligand-gated ion channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.

GABA receptor activity

Combining with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, to initiate a change in cell activity.

passive transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a solute from one side of the membrane to the other, down the solute's concentration gradient.

voltage-gated channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.

ligand-gated channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.

gated channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to a specific stimulus.

substrate-specific channel activity

Catalysis of energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a specific solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Stereospecificity is not exhibited but this transport may be specific for a particular molecular species or class of molecules.

voltage-gated cation channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a voltage-gated channel. A cation is a positively charged ion.

substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a specific substance or group of related substances from one side of a membrane to the other.

substrate-specific transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of a specific substance or group of related substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells.

molecular transducer activity

The molecular function that accepts an input of one form and creates an output of a different form.

all

NA

substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a specific substance or group of related substances from one side of a membrane to the other.

substrate-specific channel activity

Catalysis of energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a specific solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Stereospecificity is not exhibited but this transport may be specific for a particular molecular species or class of molecules.

ion channel activity

Catalysis of facilitated diffusion of an ion (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.

cation channel activity

Catalysis of the energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.

voltage-gated ion channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a voltage-gated channel. An ion is an atom or group of atoms carrying an electric charge by virtue of having gained or lost one or more electrons.

ligand-gated ion channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.

voltage-gated cation channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a voltage-gated channel. A cation is a positively charged ion.

voltage-gated potassium channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel.

Help | Show | Top GO BP test for over-representation

Help | Show | Top GO CC test for over-representation

Help | Show | Top GO MF test for over-representation

Help | Hide | Top KEGG Pathway test for over-representation

Id Pvalue ExpCount Count Size Term
04080 8.491e-06 0.9228 9
102 Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
05014 7.117e-05 0.1809 5
20 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
04720 2.042e-04 0.2262 5
25 Long-term potentiation

Help | Hide | Top miRNA test for over-representation

No enriched terms

Help | Hide | Top Chromosome test for over-representation

No enriched terms

Help | Hide | Top Genes

Entrez genes

ARPP21cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, 21kDa (ENSG00000172995), score: 0.96 ASTN1astrotactin 1 (ENSG00000152092), score: 0.94 BAI1brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (ENSG00000181790), score: 0.95 C11orf41chromosome 11 open reading frame 41 (ENSG00000110427), score: 0.95 C12orf53chromosome 12 open reading frame 53 (ENSG00000139200), score: 0.97 CADM2cell adhesion molecule 2 (ENSG00000175161), score: 0.93 CDH10cadherin 10, type 2 (T2-cadherin) (ENSG00000040731), score: 0.95 CNKSR2connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 2 (ENSG00000149970), score: 0.97 CNTNAP1contactin associated protein 1 (ENSG00000108797), score: 0.94 DBC1deleted in bladder cancer 1 (ENSG00000078725), score: 0.95 DCLK1doublecortin-like kinase 1 (ENSG00000133083), score: 0.93 ECE2endothelin converting enzyme 2 (ENSG00000145194), score: 0.95 ELMOD1ELMO/CED-12 domain containing 1 (ENSG00000110675), score: 0.94 FAIM2Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2 (ENSG00000135472), score: 0.94 FAM131Bfamily with sequence similarity 131, member B (ENSG00000159784), score: 0.95 FAM171Bfamily with sequence similarity 171, member B (ENSG00000144369), score: 0.93 FAM5Cfamily with sequence similarity 5, member C (ENSG00000162670), score: 0.96 FBXL16F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 16 (ENSG00000127585), score: 0.94 GABRA1gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 1 (ENSG00000022355), score: 0.99 GABRB2gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, beta 2 (ENSG00000145864), score: 0.98 GABRG2gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, gamma 2 (ENSG00000113327), score: 1 GAD2glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, 65kDa) (ENSG00000136750), score: 0.94 GLRBglycine receptor, beta (ENSG00000109738), score: 0.94 GPM6Aglycoprotein M6A (ENSG00000150625), score: 0.94 GRIA1glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 1 (ENSG00000155511), score: 0.97 GRIA2glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 2 (ENSG00000120251), score: 0.99 GRIA4glutamate receptor, ionotrophic, AMPA 4 (ENSG00000152578), score: 0.95 GRIN1glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 1 (ENSG00000176884), score: 0.99 GRIN2Aglutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2A (ENSG00000183454), score: 0.95 HCN1hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 1 (ENSG00000164588), score: 0.96 HMP19HMP19 protein (ENSG00000170091), score: 0.95 KCNA1potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1 (episodic ataxia with myokymia) (ENSG00000111262), score: 0.96 KCNC1potassium voltage-gated channel, Shaw-related subfamily, member 1 (ENSG00000129159), score: 0.96 KCNQ2potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 2 (ENSG00000075043), score: 0.97 KCNT1potassium channel, subfamily T, member 1 (ENSG00000107147), score: 0.94 LRRTM3leucine rich repeat transmembrane neuronal 3 (ENSG00000198739), score: 0.97 MYT1Lmyelin transcription factor 1-like (ENSG00000186487), score: 0.97 NALCNsodium leak channel, non-selective (ENSG00000102452), score: 0.94 PHACTR3phosphatase and actin regulator 3 (ENSG00000087495), score: 0.94 PPP3CAprotein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme (ENSG00000138814), score: 0.93 PRMT8protein arginine methyltransferase 8 (ENSG00000111218), score: 0.96 RIMS3regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 3 (ENSG00000117016), score: 0.94 RIT2Ras-like without CAAX 2 (ENSG00000152214), score: 0.95 SLC12A5solute carrier family 12 (potassium/chloride transporter), member 5 (ENSG00000124140), score: 0.94 SLC4A10solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate transporter, member 10 (ENSG00000144290), score: 1 SLC6A17solute carrier family 6, member 17 (ENSG00000197106), score: 0.95 SLC6A7solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, L-proline), member 7 (ENSG00000011083), score: 0.94 SLITRK4SLIT and NTRK-like family, member 4 (ENSG00000179542), score: 0.95 SNAP25synaptosomal-associated protein, 25kDa (ENSG00000132639), score: 0.97 SNAP91synaptosomal-associated protein, 91kDa homolog (mouse) (ENSG00000065609), score: 0.96 STMN4stathmin-like 4 (ENSG00000015592), score: 0.95 SULT4A1sulfotransferase family 4A, member 1 (ENSG00000130540), score: 0.97 SV2Bsynaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2B (ENSG00000185518), score: 0.94 SYN2synapsin II (ENSG00000157152), score: 0.95 SYNPRsynaptoporin (ENSG00000163630), score: 0.97 SYT4synaptotagmin IV (ENSG00000132872), score: 0.96 TAGLN3transgelin 3 (ENSG00000144834), score: 0.94 TMEM59Ltransmembrane protein 59-like (ENSG00000105696), score: 0.95 UNC80unc-80 homolog (C. elegans) (ENSG00000144406), score: 0.95 VSNL1visinin-like 1 (ENSG00000163032), score: 0.93 ZDHHC22zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 22 (ENSG00000177108), score: 0.96

Non-Entrez genes

Unknown, score:

Help | Hide | Top Conditions

Id species tissue sex individual
ggo_cb_m_ca1 ggo cb m _
ptr_cb_f_ca1 ptr cb f _
ppa_br_f2_ca1 ppa br f 2
ppy_cb_f_ca1 ppy cb f _
gga_cb_m_ca1 gga cb m _
oan_br_f_ca1 oan br f _
gga_cb_f_ca1 gga cb f _
ppa_cb_f_ca1 ppa cb f _
mmu_cb_m2_ca1 mmu cb m 2
mdo_cb_m_ca1 mdo cb m _
mdo_cb_f_ca1 mdo cb f _
ptr_cb_m_ca1 ptr cb m _
hsa_cb_f_ca1 hsa cb f _
mmu_cb_f_ca1 mmu cb f _
ppa_cb_m_ca1 ppa cb m _
mml_cb_f_ca1 mml cb f _
mmu_cb_m1_ca1 mmu cb m 1
mml_cb_m_ca1 mml cb m _
ptr_br_f_ca1 ptr br f _
ggo_cb_f_ca1 ggo cb f _
oan_br_m_ca1 oan br m _
mdo_br_m_ca1 mdo br m _
ptr_br_m2_ca1 ptr br m 2
hsa_br_m1_ca1 hsa br m 1
mmu_br_m2_ca1 mmu br m 2
ptr_br_m3_ca1 ptr br m 3
mdo_br_f_ca1 mdo br f _
hsa_cb_m_ca1 hsa cb m _
gga_br_m_ca1 gga br m _
mmu_br_f_ca1 mmu br f _
ptr_br_m5_ca1 ptr br m 5
mmu_br_m1_ca1 mmu br m 1
ggo_br_m_ca1 ggo br m _
gga_br_f_ca1 gga br f _
hsa_br_f_ca1 hsa br f _
ppa_br_m_ca1 ppa br m _
ptr_br_m1_ca1 ptr br m 1
hsa_br_m2_ca1 hsa br m 2
ppa_br_f1_ca1 ppa br f 1
mml_br_m1_ca1 mml br m 1
ggo_br_f_ca1 ggo br f _
ppy_br_f_ca1 ppy br f _
ptr_br_m4_ca1 ptr br m 4
mml_br_f_ca1 mml br f _
hsa_br_m3_ca1 hsa br m 3
mml_br_m2_ca1 mml br m 2
ppy_br_m_ca1 ppy br m _
hsa_br_m7_ca1 hsa br m 7

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© 2008-2010 Computational Biology Group, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland