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Expression data for module #632

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Under-expression is coded with green, over-expression with red color.

Help | Hide | Top The GO tree — Biological processes

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cell morphogenesis

The developmental process by which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.

cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.

metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.

cell growth

The process by which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.

regulation of cell growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth.

generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling

The cellular process by which a physical entity or change in state, a signal, is created that originates in one cell and is used to transfer information to another cell. This process begins with the initial formation of the signal and ends with the mature form and placement of the signal.

system process

A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective.

vesicle-mediated transport

The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a cell by a cellular process that begins with the formation of membrane-bounded vesicles in which the transported substances are enclosed or located in the vesicle membrane. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.

secretion

The controlled release of a substance by a cell, a group of cells, or a tissue.

cell adhesion

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.

signal transduction

The process whereby an activated receptor conveys information down the signaling pathway, resulting in a change in the function or state of a cell.

nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process

Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.

regulation of nucleotide metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.

purine nucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.

purine nucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.

cAMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).

nucleoside phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any phosphorylated nucleoside.

nitrogen compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds; includes nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, assimilatory/dissimilatory nitrate reduction and the interconversion of nitrogenous organic matter and ammonium.

transport

The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.

ion transport

The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.

cation transport

The directed movement of cations, atoms or small molecules with a net positive charge, into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.

potassium ion transport

The directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.

calcium ion transport

The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.

metal ion transport

The directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.

neurotransmitter transport

The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.

exocytosis

A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell. This is the process whereby most molecules are secreted from eukaryotic cells.

growth

The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell.

cell communication

Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.

homophilic cell adhesion

The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.

cell surface receptor linked signaling pathway

Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell.

G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand.

G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by modulation of a nucleotide cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of a cyclic nucleotide.

G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by modulation of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of cyclic AMP.

inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by G-protein signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP.

negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.

gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, to a cell surface receptor.

glutamate signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of glutamate binding to a cell surface receptor.

cell-cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another.

synaptic transmission

The process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.

multicellular organismal development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).

anatomical structure morphogenesis

The process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.

nervous system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.

neurological system process

A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.

axonogenesis

Generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells.

behavior

The specific actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Patterned activity of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.

learning or memory

The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time.

learning

Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.

memory

The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).

long-term memory

The activities involved in the mental information processing system that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.

cell recognition

The process by which a cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings.

neuron recognition

The process by which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings.

biological_process

Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.

regulation of cell size

Any process that modulates the size of a cell.

cAMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).

biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones.

nucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).

nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.

nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.

nucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).

cyclic nucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.

cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.

regulation of biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.

cellular process

Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.

regulation of cell communication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.

regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.

regulation of neuron projection development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).

monovalent inorganic cation transport

The directed movement of inorganic cations with a valency of one into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.

di-, tri-valent inorganic cation transport

The directed movement of inorganic cations with a valency of two or three into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.

cellular component organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.

cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.

regulation of exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.

regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process

Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.

regulation of metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.

transmission of nerve impulse

The neurological system process by which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by synaptic transmission and the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a nerve cell (neuron) in response to stimulation.

second-messenger-mediated signaling

A series of molecular signals in which an ion or small molecule is formed or released into the cytosol, thereby helping relay the signal within the cell.

cAMP-mediated signaling

A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.

cyclic-nucleotide-mediated signaling

A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a cyclic nucleotide to convert an extracellular signal into a response.

neurogenesis

Generation of cells within the nervous system.

regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis.

regulation of cell morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process by which the shape of a cell is generated and organized.

biological adhesion

The attachment of a cell or organism to a substrate or other organism.

signaling pathway

The series of molecular events whereby information is sent from one location to another within a living organism or between living organisms.

intracellular signaling pathway

The series of molecular events whereby information is sent from one location to another within a cell.

signaling process

Any biological process involved in the generation, transmission, reception, or interpretation of a signal. A signal is an entity used to transmit or convey information.

signaling

The entirety of a process whereby information is transmitted. This process begins with the initiation of the signal and ends when a response has been triggered.

signal transmission

The process whereby a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another.

signal release

The process whereby a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source.

cell projection organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.

cell differentiation

The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.

neuron differentiation

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron.

regulation of axon extension

Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension.

regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic nucleotides.

regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic nucleotides.

regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides.

regulation of cAMP metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).

regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).

neuron projection development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).

regulation of cyclase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclase activity.

negative regulation of cyclase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a cyclase.

regulation of cellular metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.

regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.

regulation of cell projection organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.

regulation of neurological system process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.

multicellular organismal process

Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function.

developmental process

A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition.

regulation of cellular component size

A process that modulates the size of a cellular component.

regulation of localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process by which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.

secretion by cell

The controlled release of a substance by a cell.

cellular component morphogenesis

The process by which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.

cell part morphogenesis

The process by which the anatomical structures of a cell part are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.

nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.

cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells.

nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.

ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of glutamate binding to a cell surface receptor, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex.

intracellular signal transduction

The process whereby a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.

regulation of growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development.

negative regulation of catalytic activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.

regulation of system process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.

negative regulation of molecular function

Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.

cellular metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.

primary metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.

cellular biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.

cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.

small molecule metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any monomeric molecule of small relative molecular mass.

small molecule biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any monomeric molecule of small relative molecular mass.

regulation of cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features.

regulation of neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.

regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.

heterocycle metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).

regulation of synaptic plasticity

A process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.

regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that modulates neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.

cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.

developmental cell growth

The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another.

developmental growth

The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.

regulation of developmental growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth.

neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.

cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation

The process by which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron.

axon extension

Long distance growth of a single process.

generation of neurons

The process by which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons.

system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.

neuron projection morphogenesis

The process by which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.

anatomical structure development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.

cell projection morphogenesis

The process by which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.

cellular developmental process

A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition.

regulation of neurogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.

regulation of axonogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron.

regulation of biological process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.

regulation of catalytic activity

Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.

regulation of developmental process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).

regulation of cellular process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.

regulation of synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.

cognition

The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.

response to stimulus

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.

regulation of secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or group of cells.

regulation of transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.

regulation of cellular component organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.

regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.

localization

Any process by which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in a specific location.

establishment of localization

The directed movement of a cell, substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location.

regulation of multicellular organismal process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.

regulation of lyase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.

negative regulation of lyase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.

cellular localization

Any process by which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.

establishment of localization in cell

The directed movement of a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell.

regulation of nervous system development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.

regulation of transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.

transmembrane transport

The process whereby a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other. This process includes the actual movement of the solute, and any regulation and preparatory steps, such as reduction of the solute.

nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process

The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.

regulation of cell development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.

regulation of cellular localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process by which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.

regulation of vesicle-mediated transport

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell.

biological regulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any biological process, quality or function.

regulation of biological quality

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.

regulation of molecular function

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.

divalent metal ion transport

The directed movement of divalent metal cations, any metal ion with a +2 electric charge, into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.

regulation of primary metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.

regulation of anatomical structure size

Any process that modulates the size of an anatomical structure.

regulation of multicellular organismal development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development.

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cell growth

The process by which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.

cellular metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.

cell projection organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.

cell adhesion

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.

generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling

The cellular process by which a physical entity or change in state, a signal, is created that originates in one cell and is used to transfer information to another cell. This process begins with the initial formation of the signal and ends with the mature form and placement of the signal.

signaling process

Any biological process involved in the generation, transmission, reception, or interpretation of a signal. A signal is an entity used to transmit or convey information.

cell recognition

The process by which a cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings.

multicellular organismal development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).

developmental growth

The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.

cellular developmental process

A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition.

regulation of metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.

regulation of growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development.

regulation of developmental process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).

regulation of cellular process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.

regulation of cellular component organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.

regulation of multicellular organismal process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.

regulation of localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process by which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.

establishment of localization

The directed movement of a cell, substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location.

cellular localization

Any process by which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.

regulation of biological process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.

regulation of biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.

regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.

regulation of cellular metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.

cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells.

cellular biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.

regulation of primary metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.

small molecule biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any monomeric molecule of small relative molecular mass.

regulation of cell growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth.

developmental cell growth

The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another.

regulation of developmental growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth.

signal release

The process whereby a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source.

cell-cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another.

exocytosis

A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell. This is the process whereby most molecules are secreted from eukaryotic cells.

cellular component morphogenesis

The process by which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.

regulation of cell growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth.

regulation of cell communication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.

regulation of cellular metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.

regulation of cell projection organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.

regulation of vesicle-mediated transport

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell.

establishment of localization in cell

The directed movement of a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell.

regulation of cellular localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process by which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.

regulation of cell growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth.

regulation of cell morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process by which the shape of a cell is generated and organized.

regulation of cell projection organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.

signal transduction

The process whereby an activated receptor conveys information down the signaling pathway, resulting in a change in the function or state of a cell.

transmission of nerve impulse

The neurological system process by which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by synaptic transmission and the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a nerve cell (neuron) in response to stimulation.

signal release

The process whereby a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source.

generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling

The cellular process by which a physical entity or change in state, a signal, is created that originates in one cell and is used to transfer information to another cell. This process begins with the initial formation of the signal and ends with the mature form and placement of the signal.

regulation of system process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.

regulation of multicellular organismal development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development.

cellular component morphogenesis

The process by which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.

anatomical structure morphogenesis

The process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.

cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.

system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.

regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis.

regulation of cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features.

regulation of developmental growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth.

regulation of multicellular organismal development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development.

regulation of cellular localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process by which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.

vesicle-mediated transport

The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a cell by a cellular process that begins with the formation of membrane-bounded vesicles in which the transported substances are enclosed or located in the vesicle membrane. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.

regulation of transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.

transmembrane transport

The process whereby a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other. This process includes the actual movement of the solute, and any regulation and preparatory steps, such as reduction of the solute.

secretion by cell

The controlled release of a substance by a cell.

regulation of catalytic activity

Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.

nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process

Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.

regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.

cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.

regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process

Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.

regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.

regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process

Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.

regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process

Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.

nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process

The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.

nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.

regulation of axon extension

Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension.

regulation of exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.

synaptic transmission

The process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.

regulation of transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.

regulation of neuron projection development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).

neuron projection morphogenesis

The process by which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.

regulation of cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features.

cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.

developmental cell growth

The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another.

regulation of cell development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.

regulation of exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.

cell growth

The process by which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.

cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.

regulation of cell morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process by which the shape of a cell is generated and organized.

cell projection morphogenesis

The process by which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.

cell projection morphogenesis

The process by which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.

intracellular signal transduction

The process whereby a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.

transmission of nerve impulse

The neurological system process by which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by synaptic transmission and the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a nerve cell (neuron) in response to stimulation.

regulation of neurological system process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.

regulation of cell morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process by which the shape of a cell is generated and organized.

regulation of vesicle-mediated transport

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell.

secretion by cell

The controlled release of a substance by a cell.

regulation of secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or group of cells.

regulation of cellular component size

A process that modulates the size of a cellular component.

negative regulation of catalytic activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.

nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.

negative regulation of cyclase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a cyclase.

regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.

negative regulation of lyase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.

nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.

regulation of axon extension

Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension.

regulation of synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.

neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.

regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.

neuron recognition

The process by which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings.

neuron projection development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).

cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation

The process by which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron.

regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.

regulation of neurogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.

regulation of axonogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron.

regulation of synaptic plasticity

A process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.

regulation of transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.

learning or memory

The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time.

neurogenesis

Generation of cells within the nervous system.

regulation of nervous system development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.

regulation of neurogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.

regulation of exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.

regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides.

purine nucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.

regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides.

negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.

negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.

cAMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).

regulation of nucleotide metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.

purine nucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.

nucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).

regulation of axon extension

Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension.

axon extension

Long distance growth of a single process.

regulation of axonogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron.

neuron differentiation

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron.

regulation of neurogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.

regulation of neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.

regulation of neuron projection development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).

axonogenesis

Generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells.

potassium ion transport

The directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.

divalent metal ion transport

The directed movement of divalent metal cations, any metal ion with a +2 electric charge, into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.

regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic nucleotides.

regulation of cAMP metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).

regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).

regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).

nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.

G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by modulation of a nucleotide cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of a cyclic nucleotide.

inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by G-protein signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP.

regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.

cAMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).

regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic nucleotides.

cAMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).

cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.

regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic nucleotides.

G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by modulation of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of cyclic AMP.

Help | Hide | Top The GO tree — Cellular Components

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plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

intracellular

The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.

cell fraction

A generic term for parts of cells prepared by disruptive biochemical techniques.

membrane

Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.

integral to membrane

Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane.

integral to plasma membrane

Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.

cellular_component

The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together.

cell

The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.

membrane fraction

That fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that includes the plasma and other membranes.

insoluble fraction

That fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that is not soluble in water.

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

endocytic vesicle

A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance.

cytoskeleton

Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.

synaptic vesicle

A secretory organelle, some 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and is secreted these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.

voltage-gated potassium channel complex

A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which potassium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential.

ionotropic glutamate receptor complex

A multimeric assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand-gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex.

endomembrane system

A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles.

vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.

postsynaptic density

The post synaptic density is a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse. It forms a disc that consists of a range of proteins with different functions, some of which contact the cytoplasmic domains of ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane. The proteins making up the disc include receptors, and structural proteins linked to the actin cytoskeleton. They also include signalling machinery, such as protein kinases and phosphatases.

cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle

A membrane-bounded vesicle found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor complex

An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. NMDA receptors are composed of assemblies of NR1 subunits (Figure 3) and NR2 subunits, which can be one of four separate gene products (NR2A-D). Expression of both subunits are required to form functional channels. The glutamate binding domain is formed at the junction of NR1 and NR2 subunits. NMDA receptors are permeable to calcium ions as well as being permeable to other ions. Thus NMDA receptor activation leads to a calcium influx into the post-synaptic cells, a signal thought to be crucial for the induction of NMDA-receptor dependent LTP and LTD.

synaptosome

Any of the discrete particles (nerve-ending particles) formed from the clublike presynaptic nerve endings that resist disruption and are snapped or torn off their attachments when brain tissue is homogenized in media isosmotic to plasma.

cell junction

A plasma membrane part that forms a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.

coated vesicle

Small membrane-bounded organelle formed by pinching off of a coated region of membrane. Some coats are made of clathrin, whereas others are made from other proteins.

clathrin-coated vesicle

A vesicle with a coat formed of clathrin connected to the membrane via one of the clathrin adaptor complexes.

outer membrane-bounded periplasmic space

The region between the inner (cytoplasmic or plasma) membrane and outer membrane of organisms with two membranes such as Gram negative bacteria. These periplasmic spaces are relatively thick and contain a thin cell wall.

external encapsulating structure

A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell.

cell envelope

An envelope that surrounds a bacterial cell and includes the cytoplasmic membrane and everything external, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present.

axon

The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.

dendrite

A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.

growth cone

The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.

site of polarized growth

Any part of a cell where non-isotropic growth takes place.

cytoplasmic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle.

coated vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a coated vesicle.

clathrin coated vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle.

endocytic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an endocytic vesicle.

synaptic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.

organelle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an organelle.

intrinsic to membrane

Located in a membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.

intrinsic to plasma membrane

Located in the plasma membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.

cytoplasmic vesicle

A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.

envelope

A multilayered structure surrounding all or part of a cell; encompasses one or more lipid bilayers, and may include a cell wall layer; also includes the space between layers.

vesicle

Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane or protein.

membrane-bounded vesicle

Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by a lipid bilayer.

macromolecular complex

A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which the constituent parts function together.

axon part

A part of an axon, a cell projection of a neuron.

ion channel complex

A protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.

cation channel complex

An ion channel complex through which cations pass.

potassium channel complex

An ion channel complex through which potassium ions pass.

chloride channel complex

An ion channel complex through which chloride ions pass.

periplasmic space

The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or inner membrane and cell wall (Fungi).

presynaptic membrane

A specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.

cell projection

A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.

neuron projection

A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.

neuronal cell body

The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections such as axons and dendrites.

dendritic spine

Protrusion from a dendrite. Spines are specialised subcellular compartments involved in the synaptic transmission. They are linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Because of their bulb shape, they function as a biochemical and an electrical compartment. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.

perikaryon

The portion of the cell soma (cell body) that excludes the nucleus.

organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.

membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.

non-membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.

intracellular organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.

intracellular membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.

intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.

protein complex

Any macromolecular complex composed of two or more polypeptide subunits, which may or may not be identical. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleotides, metal ions or other small molecules.

receptor complex

Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.

axon terminus

Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it.

cell body

The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.

neuron projection terminus

The specialized, terminal region of a neuron projection such as an axon or a dendrite.

neuron spine

A small membranous protrusion, often ending in a bulbous head and attached to the neuron by a narrow stalk or neck.

organelle part

Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane.

intracellular part

Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.

membrane part

Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.

cytoskeletal part

Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice.

cytoplasmic vesicle part

Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.

cytoplasmic part

Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

intracellular organelle part

A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane.

synapse part

Any constituent part of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.

plasma membrane part

Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

external encapsulating structure part

Any constituent part of an external encapsulating structure, a structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell.

cell projection part

Any constituent part of a cell projection, a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.

cell part

Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.

synapse

The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell; the site of interneuronal communication. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

postsynaptic membrane

A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

all

NA

cell part

Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.

organelle part

Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane.

synapse part

Any constituent part of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.

organelle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an organelle.

cytoplasmic vesicle

A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.

intracellular membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.

intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.

intracellular organelle part

A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane.

intracellular part

Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.

organelle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an organelle.

presynaptic membrane

A specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.

membrane part

Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.

postsynaptic membrane

A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.

external encapsulating structure part

Any constituent part of an external encapsulating structure, a structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell.

cell projection part

Any constituent part of a cell projection, a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.

intracellular organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.

intracellular organelle part

A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane.

ion channel complex

A protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.

outer membrane-bounded periplasmic space

The region between the inner (cytoplasmic or plasma) membrane and outer membrane of organisms with two membranes such as Gram negative bacteria. These periplasmic spaces are relatively thick and contain a thin cell wall.

growth cone

The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.

cytoplasmic vesicle part

Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.

vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.

cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle

A membrane-bounded vesicle found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle

A membrane-bounded vesicle found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

postsynaptic density

The post synaptic density is a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse. It forms a disc that consists of a range of proteins with different functions, some of which contact the cytoplasmic domains of ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane. The proteins making up the disc include receptors, and structural proteins linked to the actin cytoskeleton. They also include signalling machinery, such as protein kinases and phosphatases.

cytoplasmic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle.

plasma membrane part

Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

outer membrane-bounded periplasmic space

The region between the inner (cytoplasmic or plasma) membrane and outer membrane of organisms with two membranes such as Gram negative bacteria. These periplasmic spaces are relatively thick and contain a thin cell wall.

growth cone

The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.

neuron projection terminus

The specialized, terminal region of a neuron projection such as an axon or a dendrite.

perikaryon

The portion of the cell soma (cell body) that excludes the nucleus.

cytoplasmic part

Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

cytoplasmic vesicle

A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.

cytoplasmic vesicle part

Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.

ionotropic glutamate receptor complex

A multimeric assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand-gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex.

intrinsic to plasma membrane

Located in the plasma membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.

axon terminus

Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it.

cytoplasmic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle.

cytoskeletal part

Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice.

axon part

A part of an axon, a cell projection of a neuron.

dendritic spine

Protrusion from a dendrite. Spines are specialised subcellular compartments involved in the synaptic transmission. They are linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Because of their bulb shape, they function as a biochemical and an electrical compartment. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.

dendritic spine

Protrusion from a dendrite. Spines are specialised subcellular compartments involved in the synaptic transmission. They are linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Because of their bulb shape, they function as a biochemical and an electrical compartment. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.

ion channel complex

A protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.

integral to plasma membrane

Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.

voltage-gated potassium channel complex

A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which potassium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential.

endocytic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an endocytic vesicle.

coated vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a coated vesicle.

voltage-gated potassium channel complex

A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which potassium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential.

ionotropic glutamate receptor complex

A multimeric assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand-gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex.

synaptic vesicle

A secretory organelle, some 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and is secreted these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.

clathrin coated vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle.

synaptic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.

Help | Hide | Top The GO tree — Molecular Function

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molecular_function

Elemental activities, such as catalysis or binding, describing the actions of a gene product at the molecular level. A given gene product may exhibit one or more molecular functions.

catalytic activity

Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.

protein kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.

protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein serine/threonine = ADP + protein serine/threonine phosphate.

calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein serine/threonine = ADP + protein serine/threonine phosphate, dependent on the presence of calcium-bound calmodulin.

signal transducer activity

Mediates the transfer of a signal from the outside to the inside of a cell by means other than the introduction of the signal molecule itself into the cell.

receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.

transmembrane receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity, and spanning to the membrane of either the cell or an organelle.

GABA-A receptor activity

Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) to initiate a change in cell activity. GABA-A receptors function as chloride channels.

ionotropic glutamate receptor activity

Combining with glutamate to initiate a change in cell activity through the regulation of ion channels.

N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity

NA

transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells.

ion channel activity

Catalysis of facilitated diffusion of an ion (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.

extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.

excitatory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity

NA

extracellular-glutamate-gated ion channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.

voltage-gated ion channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a voltage-gated channel. An ion is an atom or group of atoms carrying an electric charge by virtue of having gained or lost one or more electrons.

voltage-gated potassium channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel.

anion channel activity

Catalysis of the energy-independent passage of anions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.

chloride channel activity

Catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a chloride (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.

cation channel activity

Catalysis of the energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.

calcium channel activity

Catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a calcium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.

potassium channel activity

Catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a potassium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.

transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a substance from one side of a membrane to the other.

binding

The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.

glutamate receptor activity

Combining with glutamate to initiate a change in cell activity.

cation transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the transfer of cation from one side of the membrane to the other.

anion transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a negatively charged ion from one side of a membrane to the other.

ion transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other.

channel activity

Catalysis of energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Stereospecificity is not exhibited but this transport may be specific for a particular molecular species or class of molecules.

ligand-gated ion channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.

kainate selective glutamate receptor activity

NA

kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.

transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.

transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).

phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to an alcohol group (acceptor).

GABA receptor activity

Combining with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, to initiate a change in cell activity.

passive transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a solute from one side of the membrane to the other, down the solute's concentration gradient.

voltage-gated channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.

ligand-gated channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.

gated channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to a specific stimulus.

substrate-specific channel activity

Catalysis of energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a specific solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Stereospecificity is not exhibited but this transport may be specific for a particular molecular species or class of molecules.

voltage-gated cation channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a voltage-gated channel. A cation is a positively charged ion.

substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a specific substance or group of related substances from one side of a membrane to the other.

substrate-specific transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of a specific substance or group of related substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells.

neurotransmitter binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neurotransmitter, any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.

molecular transducer activity

The molecular function that accepts an input of one form and creates an output of a different form.

all

NA

substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a specific substance or group of related substances from one side of a membrane to the other.

protein kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.

substrate-specific channel activity

Catalysis of energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a specific solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Stereospecificity is not exhibited but this transport may be specific for a particular molecular species or class of molecules.

ion channel activity

Catalysis of facilitated diffusion of an ion (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.

cation channel activity

Catalysis of the energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.

anion channel activity

Catalysis of the energy-independent passage of anions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.

voltage-gated ion channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a voltage-gated channel. An ion is an atom or group of atoms carrying an electric charge by virtue of having gained or lost one or more electrons.

ligand-gated ion channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.

voltage-gated cation channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a voltage-gated channel. A cation is a positively charged ion.

voltage-gated potassium channel activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel.

Help | Show | Top GO BP test for over-representation

Help | Show | Top GO CC test for over-representation

Help | Show | Top GO MF test for over-representation

Help | Hide | Top KEGG Pathway test for over-representation

Id Pvalue ExpCount Count Size Term
04080 2.580e-09 7.567 30
102 Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
04720 9.709e-07 1.855 13
25 Long-term potentiation
04020 2.861e-05 5.045 19
68 Calcium signaling pathway
04730 4.755e-04 2.226 11
30 Long-term depression
05014 5.127e-04 1.484 9
20 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
04970 7.740e-04 1.558 9
21 Salivary secretion
04971 2.492e-03 2.226 10
30 Gastric acid secretion
04912 4.794e-03 2.893 11
39 GnRH signaling pathway
04360 1.222e-02 3.783 12
51 Axon guidance
04540 2.047e-02 2.448 9
33 Gap junction

Help | Hide | Top miRNA test for over-representation

No enriched terms

Help | Hide | Top Chromosome test for over-representation

No enriched terms

Help | Hide | Top Genes

Entrez genes

A2BP1ataxin 2-binding protein 1 (ENSG00000078328), score: 0.64 ABRactive BCR-related gene (ENSG00000159842), score: 0.73 ACTL6Aactin-like 6A (ENSG00000136518), score: -0.66 ADAM23ADAM metallopeptidase domain 23 (ENSG00000114948), score: 0.64 ADCY2adenylate cyclase 2 (brain) (ENSG00000078295), score: 0.8 ADCY8adenylate cyclase 8 (brain) (ENSG00000155897), score: 0.65 AK2adenylate kinase 2 (ENSG00000004455), score: -0.56 ANKRD24ankyrin repeat domain 24 (ENSG00000089847), score: 0.64 ANO3anoctamin 3 (ENSG00000134343), score: 0.83 ANO4anoctamin 4 (ENSG00000151572), score: 0.71 APBA1amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein-binding, family A, member 1 (ENSG00000107282), score: 0.68 ARCactivity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ENSG00000198576), score: 0.81 ARHGAP32Rho GTPase activating protein 32 (ENSG00000134909), score: 0.79 ARPP21cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, 21kDa (ENSG00000172995), score: 0.69 ASTN1astrotactin 1 (ENSG00000152092), score: 0.74 ATL1atlastin GTPase 1 (ENSG00000198513), score: 0.71 ATP2B1ATPase, Ca++ transporting, plasma membrane 1 (ENSG00000070961), score: 0.76 ATP6V0A1ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit a1 (ENSG00000033627), score: 0.65 ATP6V1B2ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 56/58kDa, V1 subunit B2 (ENSG00000147416), score: 0.71 ATRNL1attractin-like 1 (ENSG00000107518), score: 0.76 B4GALT1UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1 (ENSG00000086062), score: -0.61 BAI1brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (ENSG00000181790), score: 0.81 BCANbrevican (ENSG00000132692), score: 0.69 BCAS1breast carcinoma amplified sequence 1 (ENSG00000064787), score: 0.64 BCL11BB-cell CLL/lymphoma 11B (zinc finger protein) (ENSG00000127152), score: 0.9 BEGAINbrain-enriched guanylate kinase-associated homolog (rat) (ENSG00000183092), score: 0.74 C11orf41chromosome 11 open reading frame 41 (ENSG00000110427), score: 0.74 C12orf53chromosome 12 open reading frame 53 (ENSG00000139200), score: 0.74 C13orf36chromosome 13 open reading frame 36 (ENSG00000180440), score: 0.86 C20orf103chromosome 20 open reading frame 103 (ENSG00000125869), score: 0.79 C6orf168chromosome 6 open reading frame 168 (ENSG00000146267), score: 0.73 C6orf174chromosome 6 open reading frame 174 (ENSG00000214338), score: 0.65 C8orf46chromosome 8 open reading frame 46 (ENSG00000169085), score: 0.83 CA7carbonic anhydrase VII (ENSG00000168748), score: 0.65 CABP1calcium binding protein 1 (ENSG00000157782), score: 0.7 CACNA1Bcalcium channel, voltage-dependent, N type, alpha 1B subunit (ENSG00000148408), score: 0.69 CACNA1Ecalcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit (ENSG00000198216), score: 0.79 CACNA1Icalcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1I subunit (ENSG00000100346), score: 0.64 CACNG3calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 3 (ENSG00000006116), score: 0.87 CACNG4calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 4 (ENSG00000075461), score: 0.7 CADM2cell adhesion molecule 2 (ENSG00000175161), score: 0.71 CAMK1Dcalcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ID (ENSG00000183049), score: 0.7 CAMK1Gcalcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IG (ENSG00000008118), score: 0.85 CAMK2Acalcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (ENSG00000070808), score: 0.88 CAMK2Gcalcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma (ENSG00000148660), score: 0.69 CBLN4cerebellin 4 precursor (ENSG00000054803), score: 0.92 CCDC85Acoiled-coil domain containing 85A (ENSG00000055813), score: 0.69 CDH10cadherin 10, type 2 (T2-cadherin) (ENSG00000040731), score: 0.79 CDH12cadherin 12, type 2 (N-cadherin 2) (ENSG00000154162), score: 0.84 CDH4cadherin 4, type 1, R-cadherin (retinal) (ENSG00000179242), score: 0.72 CDH9cadherin 9, type 2 (T1-cadherin) (ENSG00000113100), score: 0.88 CDK14cyclin-dependent kinase 14 (ENSG00000058091), score: 0.66 CELF2CUGBP, Elav-like family member 2 (ENSG00000048740), score: 0.71 CELF5CUGBP, Elav-like family member 5 (ENSG00000161082), score: 0.73 CHN1chimerin (chimaerin) 1 (ENSG00000128656), score: 0.81 CHRM3cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 3 (ENSG00000133019), score: 0.91 CHRNA4cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 4 (ENSG00000101204), score: 0.64 CHST1carbohydrate (keratan sulfate Gal-6) sulfotransferase 1 (ENSG00000175264), score: 0.81 CITcitron (rho-interacting, serine/threonine kinase 21) (ENSG00000122966), score: 0.68 CLCN6chloride channel 6 (ENSG00000011021), score: 0.64 CLSTN2calsyntenin 2 (ENSG00000158258), score: 0.69 CLTCclathrin, heavy chain (Hc) (ENSG00000141367), score: 0.67 CNIH3cornichon homolog 3 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000143786), score: 0.83 CNKSR2connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 2 (ENSG00000149970), score: 0.68 CNRIP1cannabinoid receptor interacting protein 1 (ENSG00000119865), score: 0.67 CNTN3contactin 3 (plasmacytoma associated) (ENSG00000113805), score: 0.8 CNTNAP1contactin associated protein 1 (ENSG00000108797), score: 0.66 CPNE4copine IV (ENSG00000196353), score: 0.8 CRHcorticotropin releasing hormone (ENSG00000147571), score: 0.78 CRTAC1cartilage acidic protein 1 (ENSG00000095713), score: 0.75 CSMD2CUB and Sushi multiple domains 2 (ENSG00000121904), score: 0.65 CSRNP3cysteine-serine-rich nuclear protein 3 (ENSG00000178662), score: 0.7 CTNND2catenin (cadherin-associated protein), delta 2 (neural plakophilin-related arm-repeat protein) (ENSG00000169862), score: 0.73 DBC1deleted in bladder cancer 1 (ENSG00000078725), score: 0.7 DCLK1doublecortin-like kinase 1 (ENSG00000133083), score: 0.8 DCLK2doublecortin-like kinase 2 (ENSG00000170390), score: 0.66 DGKIdiacylglycerol kinase, iota (ENSG00000157680), score: 0.68 DGKZdiacylglycerol kinase, zeta 104kDa (ENSG00000149091), score: 0.69 DLGAP2discs, large (Drosophila) homolog-associated protein 2 (ENSG00000198010), score: 0.85 DLX1distal-less homeobox 1 (ENSG00000144355), score: 0.97 DLX6distal-less homeobox 6 (ENSG00000006377), score: 0.67 DNMBPdynamin binding protein (ENSG00000107554), score: -0.57 DOCK3dedicator of cytokinesis 3 (ENSG00000088538), score: 0.73 DOCK4dedicator of cytokinesis 4 (ENSG00000128512), score: 0.72 DRP2dystrophin related protein 2 (ENSG00000102385), score: 0.82 DSCAMDown syndrome cell adhesion molecule (ENSG00000171587), score: 0.85 DSCAML1Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule like 1 (ENSG00000177103), score: 0.73 ECHDC3enoyl CoA hydratase domain containing 3 (ENSG00000134463), score: -0.61 ELAVL4ELAV (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila)-like 4 (Hu antigen D) (ENSG00000162374), score: 0.66 ELFN2extracellular leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 2 (ENSG00000166897), score: 0.85 ELMOD1ELMO/CED-12 domain containing 1 (ENSG00000110675), score: 0.71 ENC1ectodermal-neural cortex 1 (with BTB-like domain) (ENSG00000171617), score: 0.92 ENTPD3ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3 (ENSG00000168032), score: 0.68 EPHA5EPH receptor A5 (ENSG00000145242), score: 0.78 EPHB6EPH receptor B6 (ENSG00000106123), score: 0.79 EPHX4epoxide hydrolase 4 (ENSG00000172031), score: 0.81 ERMNermin, ERM-like protein (ENSG00000136541), score: 0.66 ERN1endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 (ENSG00000178607), score: -0.56 FAIM2Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2 (ENSG00000135472), score: 0.7 FAM131Bfamily with sequence similarity 131, member B (ENSG00000159784), score: 0.67 FAM171Bfamily with sequence similarity 171, member B (ENSG00000144369), score: 0.72 FAM189A1family with sequence similarity 189, member A1 (ENSG00000104059), score: 0.68 FAM19A1family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like), member A1 (ENSG00000183662), score: 0.96 FAM49Afamily with sequence similarity 49, member A (ENSG00000197872), score: 0.8 FAM5Bfamily with sequence similarity 5, member B (ENSG00000198797), score: 0.87 FAM5Cfamily with sequence similarity 5, member C (ENSG00000162670), score: 0.75 FAM60Afamily with sequence similarity 60, member A (ENSG00000139146), score: -0.61 FAM81Afamily with sequence similarity 81, member A (ENSG00000157470), score: 0.8 FBLN7fibulin 7 (ENSG00000144152), score: 0.69 FBXL16F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 16 (ENSG00000127585), score: 0.76 FBXO8F-box protein 8 (ENSG00000164117), score: -0.57 FBXW7F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (ENSG00000109670), score: 0.66 FEZF2FEZ family zinc finger 2 (ENSG00000153266), score: 0.97 FLRT2fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein 2 (ENSG00000185070), score: 0.78 FOXG1forkhead box G1 (ENSG00000176165), score: 0.89 FRMPD4FERM and PDZ domain containing 4 (ENSG00000169933), score: 0.76 GABRA1gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 1 (ENSG00000022355), score: 0.71 GABRA2gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 2 (ENSG00000151834), score: 0.76 GABRB2gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, beta 2 (ENSG00000145864), score: 0.69 GABRB3gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, beta 3 (ENSG00000166206), score: 0.77 GABRG1gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, gamma 1 (ENSG00000163285), score: 0.69 GABRG2gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, gamma 2 (ENSG00000113327), score: 0.76 GAD2glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, 65kDa) (ENSG00000136750), score: 0.73 GLRA3glycine receptor, alpha 3 (ENSG00000145451), score: 0.91 GLRBglycine receptor, beta (ENSG00000109738), score: 0.74 GNAZguanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha z polypeptide (ENSG00000128266), score: 0.7 GNB1guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 1 (ENSG00000078369), score: 0.67 GPC5glypican 5 (ENSG00000179399), score: 0.65 GPM6Aglycoprotein M6A (ENSG00000150625), score: 0.66 GPM6Bglycoprotein M6B (ENSG00000046653), score: 0.67 GPR123G protein-coupled receptor 123 (ENSG00000197177), score: 0.83 GPR176G protein-coupled receptor 176 (ENSG00000166073), score: 0.65 GPR83G protein-coupled receptor 83 (ENSG00000123901), score: 0.72 GRIA1glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 1 (ENSG00000155511), score: 0.72 GRIA2glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 2 (ENSG00000120251), score: 0.75 GRIA3glutamate receptor, ionotrophic, AMPA 3 (ENSG00000125675), score: 0.82 GRID1glutamate receptor, ionotropic, delta 1 (ENSG00000182771), score: 0.72 GRIK3glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 3 (ENSG00000163873), score: 0.73 GRIK4glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 4 (ENSG00000149403), score: 0.7 GRIN1glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 1 (ENSG00000176884), score: 0.75 GRIN2Aglutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2A (ENSG00000183454), score: 0.79 GRIN2Bglutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2B (ENSG00000150086), score: 0.78 GRIN3Aglutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-D-aspartate 3A (ENSG00000198785), score: 0.65 GRM3glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3 (ENSG00000198822), score: 0.77 GSG1LGSG1-like (ENSG00000169181), score: 0.66 GTDC1glycosyltransferase-like domain containing 1 (ENSG00000121964), score: 0.67 GUCY1B3guanylate cyclase 1, soluble, beta 3 (ENSG00000061918), score: 0.68 HADHAhydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase (trifunctional protein), alpha subunit (ENSG00000084754), score: -0.55 HBP1HMG-box transcription factor 1 (ENSG00000105856), score: -0.6 HCN1hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 1 (ENSG00000164588), score: 0.71 HIVEP2human immunodeficiency virus type I enhancer binding protein 2 (ENSG00000010818), score: 0.65 HMP19HMP19 protein (ENSG00000170091), score: 0.75 HRH3histamine receptor H3 (ENSG00000101180), score: 0.76 HSPA12Aheat shock 70kDa protein 12A (ENSG00000165868), score: 0.7 HTR2A5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A (ENSG00000102468), score: 0.94 HTR45-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 4 (ENSG00000164270), score: 0.79 IGSF21immunoglobin superfamily, member 21 (ENSG00000117154), score: 0.66 IL1RAPL1interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein-like 1 (ENSG00000169306), score: 0.64 ITPKAinositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase A (ENSG00000137825), score: 0.74 KCNA3potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 3 (ENSG00000177272), score: 0.64 KCNA4potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 4 (ENSG00000182255), score: 0.77 KCNA6potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 6 (ENSG00000151079), score: 0.84 KCNC4potassium voltage-gated channel, Shaw-related subfamily, member 4 (ENSG00000116396), score: 0.65 KCNF1potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily F, member 1 (ENSG00000162975), score: 0.93 KCNG1potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily G, member 1 (ENSG00000026559), score: 0.75 KCNG3potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily G, member 3 (ENSG00000171126), score: 0.8 KCNH7potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily H (eag-related), member 7 (ENSG00000184611), score: 0.66 KCNK2potassium channel, subfamily K, member 2 (ENSG00000082482), score: 0.83 KCNQ2potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 2 (ENSG00000075043), score: 0.73 KCNQ3potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 3 (ENSG00000184156), score: 0.86 KCNQ5potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 5 (ENSG00000185760), score: 1 KCNS1potassium voltage-gated channel, delayed-rectifier, subfamily S, member 1 (ENSG00000124134), score: 0.99 KCNS2potassium voltage-gated channel, delayed-rectifier, subfamily S, member 2 (ENSG00000156486), score: 0.97 KCNT1potassium channel, subfamily T, member 1 (ENSG00000107147), score: 0.65 KCTD16potassium channel tetramerisation domain containing 16 (ENSG00000183775), score: 0.75 KCTD4potassium channel tetramerisation domain containing 4 (ENSG00000180332), score: 0.87 KIF1Akinesin family member 1A (ENSG00000130294), score: 0.68 KIF21Bkinesin family member 21B (ENSG00000116852), score: 0.66 KIF5Ckinesin family member 5C (ENSG00000168280), score: 0.65 KIRREL3kin of IRRE like 3 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000149571), score: 0.7 KLF11Kruppel-like factor 11 (ENSG00000172059), score: -0.58 KLHL2kelch-like 2, Mayven (Drosophila) (ENSG00000109466), score: 0.71 LACTBlactamase, beta (ENSG00000103642), score: -0.56 LAPTM4Alysosomal protein transmembrane 4 alpha (ENSG00000068697), score: -0.62 LIMA1LIM domain and actin binding 1 (ENSG00000050405), score: -0.6 LIMK1LIM domain kinase 1 (ENSG00000106683), score: 0.69 LINGO2leucine rich repeat and Ig domain containing 2 (ENSG00000174482), score: 0.77 LMO4LIM domain only 4 (ENSG00000143013), score: 0.86 LMTK2lemur tyrosine kinase 2 (ENSG00000164715), score: 0.76 LNX2ligand of numb-protein X 2 (ENSG00000139517), score: -0.58 LOC100134209similar to IQ motif and Sec7 domain-containing protein 3 (ENSG00000120645), score: 0.66 LPCAT3lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (ENSG00000111684), score: -0.67 LPPR3lipid phosphate phosphatase-related protein type 3 (ENSG00000129951), score: 0.83 LPPR4lipid phosphate phosphatase-related protein type 4 (ENSG00000117600), score: 0.86 LRFN2leucine rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 2 (ENSG00000156564), score: 0.87 LRFN5leucine rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (ENSG00000165379), score: 0.77 LRRC4Cleucine rich repeat containing 4C (ENSG00000148948), score: 0.81 LRRC7leucine rich repeat containing 7 (ENSG00000033122), score: 0.82 LRRTM3leucine rich repeat transmembrane neuronal 3 (ENSG00000198739), score: 0.68 LRTM2leucine-rich repeats and transmembrane domains 2 (ENSG00000166159), score: 0.81 MAP1Bmicrotubule-associated protein 1B (ENSG00000131711), score: 0.64 MAP2K1mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (ENSG00000169032), score: 0.75 MAP3K1mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (ENSG00000095015), score: -0.57 MAPK10mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 (ENSG00000109339), score: 0.67 MATKmegakaryocyte-associated tyrosine kinase (ENSG00000007264), score: 0.81 MC4Rmelanocortin 4 receptor (ENSG00000166603), score: 0.79 MEF2Cmyocyte enhancer factor 2C (ENSG00000081189), score: 0.85 MGAT5Bmannosyl (alpha-1,6-)-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase, isozyme B (ENSG00000167889), score: 0.82 MKL2MKL/myocardin-like 2 (ENSG00000186260), score: 0.92 MTFR1mitochondrial fission regulator 1 (ENSG00000066855), score: -0.62 MYO1Cmyosin IC (ENSG00000197879), score: -0.64 MYO5Amyosin VA (heavy chain 12, myoxin) (ENSG00000197535), score: 0.68 MYT1Lmyelin transcription factor 1-like (ENSG00000186487), score: 0.75 NALCNsodium leak channel, non-selective (ENSG00000102452), score: 0.7 NCAM2neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (ENSG00000154654), score: 0.68 NCDNneurochondrin (ENSG00000020129), score: 0.7 NCS1neuronal calcium sensor 1 (ENSG00000107130), score: 0.74 NECAB1N-terminal EF-hand calcium binding protein 1 (ENSG00000123119), score: 0.85 NEDD1neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 1 (ENSG00000139350), score: -0.57 NEFLneurofilament, light polypeptide (ENSG00000104725), score: 0.75 NEFMneurofilament, medium polypeptide (ENSG00000104722), score: 0.7 NELFnasal embryonic LHRH factor (ENSG00000165802), score: 0.69 NELL2NEL-like 2 (chicken) (ENSG00000184613), score: 0.73 NETO1neuropilin (NRP) and tolloid (TLL)-like 1 (ENSG00000166342), score: 0.99 NFATC3nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 3 (ENSG00000072736), score: -0.57 NGEFneuronal guanine nucleotide exchange factor (ENSG00000066248), score: 0.8 NIPA1non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 1 (ENSG00000170113), score: 0.65 NLGN1neuroligin 1 (ENSG00000169760), score: 0.65 NOVnephroblastoma overexpressed gene (ENSG00000136999), score: 0.72 NPTNneuroplastin (ENSG00000156642), score: 0.73 NPY2Rneuropeptide Y receptor Y2 (ENSG00000185149), score: 0.76 NRCAMneuronal cell adhesion molecule (ENSG00000091129), score: 0.73 NRSN1neurensin 1 (ENSG00000152954), score: 0.77 NTRK2neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2 (ENSG00000148053), score: 0.74 OLFM1olfactomedin 1 (ENSG00000130558), score: 0.75 OLFM3olfactomedin 3 (ENSG00000118733), score: 0.64 OPCMLopioid binding protein/cell adhesion molecule-like (ENSG00000183715), score: 0.7 OPRK1opioid receptor, kappa 1 (ENSG00000082556), score: 0.76 OPRL1opiate receptor-like 1 (ENSG00000125510), score: 0.77 P2RY12purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 12 (ENSG00000169313), score: 0.72 PANX2pannexin 2 (ENSG00000073150), score: 0.66 PCDH19protocadherin 19 (ENSG00000165194), score: 0.85 PCDH20protocadherin 20 (ENSG00000197991), score: 0.83 PCDH9protocadherin 9 (ENSG00000184226), score: 0.74 PCSK1proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (ENSG00000175426), score: 0.93 PCSK2proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 2 (ENSG00000125851), score: 0.72 PDE8Bphosphodiesterase 8B (ENSG00000113231), score: 0.83 PDP1pyruvate dehyrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 (ENSG00000164951), score: 0.65 PEX13peroxisomal biogenesis factor 13 (ENSG00000162928), score: -0.58 PEX5Lperoxisomal biogenesis factor 5-like (ENSG00000114757), score: 0.77 PHACTR3phosphatase and actin regulator 3 (ENSG00000087495), score: 0.69 PHACTR4phosphatase and actin regulator 4 (ENSG00000204138), score: -0.6 PLCB1phospholipase C, beta 1 (phosphoinositide-specific) (ENSG00000182621), score: 0.84 PLCH1phospholipase C, eta 1 (ENSG00000114805), score: 0.67 PLEKHF2pleckstrin homology domain containing, family F (with FYVE domain) member 2 (ENSG00000175895), score: -0.56 PMP2peripheral myelin protein 2 (ENSG00000147588), score: 0.64 PNOCprepronociceptin (ENSG00000168081), score: 0.77 POLR3Apolymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide A, 155kDa (ENSG00000148606), score: 0.65 PPFIA2protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, f polypeptide (PTPRF), interacting protein (liprin), alpha 2 (ENSG00000139220), score: 0.76 PPP2R2Bprotein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B, beta (ENSG00000156475), score: 0.68 PPP3CAprotein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme (ENSG00000138814), score: 0.69 PRICKLE1prickle homolog 1 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000139174), score: 0.69 PRICKLE2prickle homolog 2 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000163637), score: 0.83 PRKAR1Bprotein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, beta (ENSG00000188191), score: 0.7 PRKAR2Bprotein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, beta (ENSG00000005249), score: 0.68 PRKCAprotein kinase C, alpha (ENSG00000154229), score: 0.73 PRKCBprotein kinase C, beta (ENSG00000166501), score: 0.75 PRKG2protein kinase, cGMP-dependent, type II (ENSG00000138669), score: 0.76 PRMT8protein arginine methyltransferase 8 (ENSG00000111218), score: 0.73 PSDpleckstrin and Sec7 domain containing (ENSG00000059915), score: 0.76 PTK2BPTK2B protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (ENSG00000120899), score: 0.7 R3HDM1R3H domain containing 1 (ENSG00000048991), score: 0.67 RAB3CRAB3C, member RAS oncogene family (ENSG00000152932), score: 0.76 RAPGEF4Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 4 (ENSG00000091428), score: 0.65 RAPGEF5Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 5 (ENSG00000136237), score: 0.74 RASAL1RAS protein activator like 1 (GAP1 like) (ENSG00000111344), score: 0.68 RASD2RASD family, member 2 (ENSG00000100302), score: 0.75 RASGEF1ARasGEF domain family, member 1A (ENSG00000198915), score: 0.71 REXO2REX2, RNA exonuclease 2 homolog (S. cerevisiae) (ENSG00000076043), score: -0.57 RGS20regulator of G-protein signaling 20 (ENSG00000147509), score: 0.77 RHBDL3rhomboid, veinlet-like 3 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000141314), score: 0.68 RIMS3regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 3 (ENSG00000117016), score: 0.78 RIMS4regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 4 (ENSG00000101098), score: 0.7 RNF11ring finger protein 11 (ENSG00000123091), score: 0.68 RNF157ring finger protein 157 (ENSG00000141576), score: 0.66 ROCK1Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ENSG00000067900), score: -0.6 RORBRAR-related orphan receptor B (ENSG00000198963), score: 0.87 RPRD1Aregulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain containing 1A (ENSG00000141425), score: 0.67 RSPO2R-spondin 2 homolog (Xenopus laevis) (ENSG00000147655), score: 0.93 RTN1reticulon 1 (ENSG00000139970), score: 0.68 RTN4RL1reticulon 4 receptor-like 1 (ENSG00000185924), score: 0.66 RXFP1relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 1 (ENSG00000171509), score: 0.81 SATB2SATB homeobox 2 (ENSG00000119042), score: 0.82 SCAMP5secretory carrier membrane protein 5 (ENSG00000198794), score: 0.67 SCG2secretogranin II (ENSG00000171951), score: 0.79 SCN3Bsodium channel, voltage-gated, type III, beta (ENSG00000166257), score: 0.81 SCRG1stimulator of chondrogenesis 1 (ENSG00000164106), score: 0.69 SEMA3Asema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3A (ENSG00000075213), score: 0.68 SEMA3Esema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3E (ENSG00000170381), score: 0.66 SERPINI1serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade I (neuroserpin), member 1 (ENSG00000163536), score: 0.82 SLC12A5solute carrier family 12 (potassium/chloride transporter), member 5 (ENSG00000124140), score: 0.66 SLC1A2solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2 (ENSG00000110436), score: 0.71 SLC24A2solute carrier family 24 (sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger), member 2 (ENSG00000155886), score: 0.76 SLC24A4solute carrier family 24 (sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger), member 4 (ENSG00000140090), score: 0.83 SLC32A1solute carrier family 32 (GABA vesicular transporter), member 1 (ENSG00000101438), score: 0.69 SLC39A12solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 12 (ENSG00000148482), score: 0.67 SLC4A10solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate transporter, member 10 (ENSG00000144290), score: 0.76 SLC6A17solute carrier family 6, member 17 (ENSG00000197106), score: 0.72 SLC6A7solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, L-proline), member 7 (ENSG00000011083), score: 0.78 SLC7A14solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 14 (ENSG00000013293), score: 0.65 SLC9A6solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 6 (ENSG00000198689), score: 0.73 SLITRK4SLIT and NTRK-like family, member 4 (ENSG00000179542), score: 0.66 SNAP23synaptosomal-associated protein, 23kDa (ENSG00000092531), score: -0.59 SNAP25synaptosomal-associated protein, 25kDa (ENSG00000132639), score: 0.69 SNAP91synaptosomal-associated protein, 91kDa homolog (mouse) (ENSG00000065609), score: 0.69 SNTG1syntrophin, gamma 1 (ENSG00000147481), score: 0.88 SORCS1sortilin-related VPS10 domain containing receptor 1 (ENSG00000108018), score: 0.74 SOX8SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 8 (ENSG00000005513), score: 0.67 SSTsomatostatin (ENSG00000157005), score: 0.9 ST6GAL2ST6 beta-galactosamide alpha-2,6-sialyltranferase 2 (ENSG00000144057), score: 0.73 ST6GALNAC5ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 5 (ENSG00000117069), score: 0.9 STMN4stathmin-like 4 (ENSG00000015592), score: 0.72 STOML1stomatin (EPB72)-like 1 (ENSG00000067221), score: 0.68 STXBP1syntaxin binding protein 1 (ENSG00000136854), score: 0.68 SULT4A1sulfotransferase family 4A, member 1 (ENSG00000130540), score: 0.74 SV2Bsynaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2B (ENSG00000185518), score: 0.71 SV2Csynaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C (ENSG00000122012), score: 0.7 SYN2synapsin II (ENSG00000157152), score: 0.72 SYNGR3synaptogyrin 3 (ENSG00000127561), score: 0.71 SYNJ1synaptojanin 1 (ENSG00000159082), score: 0.72 SYNPRsynaptoporin (ENSG00000163630), score: 0.7 SYT11synaptotagmin XI (ENSG00000132718), score: 0.67 SYT17synaptotagmin XVII (ENSG00000103528), score: 0.82 TAC1tachykinin, precursor 1 (ENSG00000006128), score: 0.8 TAGLN3transgelin 3 (ENSG00000144834), score: 0.68 TCF21transcription factor 21 (ENSG00000118526), score: -0.58 TGFBR1transforming growth factor, beta receptor 1 (ENSG00000106799), score: -0.55 THY1Thy-1 cell surface antigen (ENSG00000154096), score: 0.71 TIAM2T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2 (ENSG00000146426), score: 0.7 TMEFF2transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 2 (ENSG00000144339), score: 0.71 TMEM179transmembrane protein 179 (ENSG00000189203), score: 0.74 TMEM59Ltransmembrane protein 59-like (ENSG00000105696), score: 0.72 TNRtenascin R (restrictin, janusin) (ENSG00000116147), score: 0.69 TOXthymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box (ENSG00000198846), score: 0.78 TP53INP1tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1 (ENSG00000164938), score: -0.55 TPPPtubulin polymerization promoting protein (ENSG00000171368), score: 0.71 TRIM9tripartite motif-containing 9 (ENSG00000100505), score: 0.67 TRPC5transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 5 (ENSG00000072315), score: 0.7 TRPM2transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 (ENSG00000142185), score: 0.75 UNC5Aunc-5 homolog A (C. elegans) (ENSG00000113763), score: 0.79 UNC5Dunc-5 homolog D (C. elegans) (ENSG00000156687), score: 0.78 VIPvasoactive intestinal peptide (ENSG00000146469), score: 0.85 VSNL1visinin-like 1 (ENSG00000163032), score: 0.68 VSTM2AV-set and transmembrane domain containing 2A (ENSG00000170419), score: 0.85 VWC2Lvon Willebrand factor C domain-containing protein 2-like (ENSG00000174453), score: 0.79 WDR7WD repeat domain 7 (ENSG00000091157), score: 0.78 WEE1WEE1 homolog (S. pombe) (ENSG00000166483), score: -0.6 WNT7Awingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 7A (ENSG00000154764), score: 0.73 WSB2WD repeat and SOCS box-containing 2 (ENSG00000176871), score: 0.65 XYLT1xylosyltransferase I (ENSG00000103489), score: 0.69 YWHABtyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, beta polypeptide (ENSG00000166913), score: 0.69 YWHAHtyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, eta polypeptide (ENSG00000128245), score: 0.69 ZDHHC22zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 22 (ENSG00000177108), score: 0.86 ZFAND6zinc finger, AN1-type domain 6 (ENSG00000086666), score: -0.63 ZMAT4zinc finger, matrin type 4 (ENSG00000165061), score: 0.83 ZNF365zinc finger protein 365 (ENSG00000138311), score: 0.81

Non-Entrez genes

ENSG00000054803Unknown, score: 0.73

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Id species tissue sex individual
ptr_br_f_ca1 ptr br f _
mdo_br_f_ca1 mdo br f _
ptr_br_m2_ca1 ptr br m 2
oan_br_m_ca1 oan br m _
hsa_br_m1_ca1 hsa br m 1
mmu_br_m2_ca1 mmu br m 2
ptr_br_m3_ca1 ptr br m 3
gga_br_m_ca1 gga br m _
mmu_br_f_ca1 mmu br f _
gga_br_f_ca1 gga br f _
ggo_br_m_ca1 ggo br m _
mmu_br_m1_ca1 mmu br m 1
ptr_br_m5_ca1 ptr br m 5
ppa_br_f1_ca1 ppa br f 1
ppa_br_m_ca1 ppa br m _
hsa_br_f_ca1 hsa br f _
ggo_br_f_ca1 ggo br f _
hsa_br_m2_ca1 hsa br m 2
ptr_br_m4_ca1 ptr br m 4
ptr_br_m1_ca1 ptr br m 1
ppy_br_f_ca1 ppy br f _
mml_br_m1_ca1 mml br m 1
mml_br_f_ca1 mml br f _
hsa_br_m3_ca1 hsa br m 3
ppy_br_m_ca1 ppy br m _
mml_br_m2_ca1 mml br m 2
hsa_br_m7_ca1 hsa br m 7

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© 2008-2010 Computational Biology Group, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland