Under-expression is coded with green,
over-expression with red color.
metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.
blood vessel development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
vasculature development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
heart looping
The characteristic morphogenetic movements where the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration.
morphogenesis of an epithelium
The process by which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.
regulation of the force of heart contraction
Any process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled.
heart morphogenesis
The developmental process by which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
system process
A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective.
skeletal muscle contraction
A process whereby force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control.
muscle system process
A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers.
circulatory system process
A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism.
heart process
A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
embryonic heart tube morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
cardiac chamber development
The progression of a cardiac chamber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
cardiac chamber morphogenesis
The process by which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
cardiac chamber formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
cardiac ventricle morphogenesis
The process by which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
cardiac ventricle formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of ventricular cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
cardiac ventricle development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
cardiac septum development
The progression of a cardiac septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.
muscle contraction
A process whereby force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis.
actin cytoskeleton organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
cytoskeleton organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
cell adhesion
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
carbohydrate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule.
monosaccharide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.
glucose metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
glucose catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
alcohol metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.
acetyl-CoA metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.
generation of precursor metabolites and energy
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
glycolysis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a monosaccharide (generally glucose) into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP. Pyruvate may be converted to ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules, or fed into the TCA cycle.
tricarboxylic acid cycle
A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two CO2 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle.
oxidation reduction
The process of removal or addition of one or more electrons with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons.
respiratory electron transport chain
A process whereby a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
oxidative phosphorylation
The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis.
mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone
The transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex I.
electron transport chain
A process whereby a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
regulation of nucleotide metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.
purine nucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
purine nucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
coenzyme metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
nucleoside phosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any phosphorylated nucleoside.
phosphorus metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus, usually in the form of a phosphate group (PO4).
phosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid.
nitrogen compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds; includes nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, assimilatory/dissimilatory nitrate reduction and the interconversion of nitrogenous organic matter and ammonium.
transport
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.
striated muscle contraction
A process whereby force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope.
regulation of striated muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.
organelle organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
multicellular organismal development
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
anatomical structure morphogenesis
The process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
embryo development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.
organ morphogenesis
Morphogenesis of an organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
heart development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
adult heart development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
muscle organ development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work.
blood circulation
The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products.
regulation of heart contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process by which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
biological_process
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
actin filament-based movement
Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins.
catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism.
aerobic respiration
The enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which requires oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor.
coenzyme catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
nucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
nucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
regulation of catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.
cellular process
Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
cardioblast differentiation
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
cellular component assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component.
anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis
The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression.
striated muscle tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. Skeletal muscle myoblasts fuse to form myotubes and eventually multinucleated muscle fibers. The fusion of cardiac cells is very rare and can only form binucleate cells.
energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from organic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released.
cellular component organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.
carbohydrate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
phosphorylation
The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
cell-cell adhesion
The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
regulation of metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
hexose metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
hexose catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
biological adhesion
The attachment of a cell or organism to a substrate or other organism.
actin filament-based process
Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
muscle filament sliding
The sliding of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other in muscle contraction. This involves a process of interaction of myosin located on a thick filament with actin located on a thin filament. During this process ATP is split and forces are generated.
cell differentiation
The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
myofibril assembly
Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle.
cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport
The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal elements such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell.
regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
actomyosin structure organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin or paramyosin. The myosin may be organized into filaments.
regulation of cellular metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
regulation of cellular catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
multicellular organismal process
Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function.
developmental process
A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition.
positive regulation of ATPase activity
Any process that activates or increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
cellular component morphogenesis
The process by which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.
actin-myosin filament sliding
The sliding movement of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other.
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells.
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
embryonic heart tube development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field.
cardiac cell differentiation
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.
tube morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.
tube development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts.
muscle cell differentiation
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell.
ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP.
mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP, as it occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane or chloroplast thylakoid membrane.
positive regulation of catalytic activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
regulation of ATPase activity
Any process that modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
regulation of system process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.
cellular component biogenesis
The process by which a cellular component is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component.
positive regulation of molecular function
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
cellular metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
primary metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
cellular catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
cellular carbohydrate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
cellular carbohydrate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
small molecule metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any monomeric molecule of small relative molecular mass.
small molecule catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small molecules, any monomeric molecule of small relative molecular mass.
sarcomere organization
The myofibril assembly process by which the muscle actomyosin is organized into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
cellular respiration
The enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration).
regulation of cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features.
positive regulation of cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
alcohol catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.
acetyl-CoA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated.
monosaccharide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms.
heterocycle metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).
heterocycle catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).
intracellular transport
The directed movement of substances within a cell.
cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
organ development
Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
blood vessel morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
positive regulation of biological process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
positive regulation of cellular process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
embryonic morphogenesis
The process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants.
tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.
cardiac muscle tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
anatomical structure development
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
cellular developmental process
A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition.
regulation of biological process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
regulation of catalytic activity
Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.
regulation of developmental process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
regulation of cellular process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
multicellular organismal movement
Any physiological process involved in changing the position of a multicellular organism or an anatomical part of a multicellular organism.
musculoskeletal movement
The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system.
positive regulation of developmental process
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
striated muscle cell differentiation
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a striated muscle cell; striated muscle fibers are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and voluntary muscle are types of striated muscle.
regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
localization
Any process by which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in a specific location.
cofactor metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in certain forms, or organic, in which case they are referred to as coenzymes. Cofactors may either be bound tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate.
cofactor catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein.
establishment of localization
The directed movement of a cell, substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location.
regulation of multicellular organismal process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
regulation of hydrolase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.
positive regulation of hydrolase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.
cellular localization
Any process by which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.
establishment of localization in cell
The directed movement of a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell.
regulation of cardioblast differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process whereby a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
positive regulation of cardioblast differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process whereby a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate.
striated muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle cells contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle.
cardiac myofibril assembly
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.
cardiac cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac cell is a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.
cardiac muscle cell differentiation
The process whereby a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
cardiac muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process
The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
heart contraction
The multicellular organismal process by which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
cardiac muscle contraction
Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue.
cardiac septum morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structure of a cardiac septum is generated and organized. A cardiac septum is a partition that separates parts of the heart.
muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of muscle tissue are generated and organized. Muscle tissue consists of a set of cells that are part of an organ and carry out a contractive function. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
epithelium development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.
muscle tissue development
The progression of muscle tissue over time, from its initial formation to its mature state. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers.
epithelial tube morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.
muscle structure development
The progression of a muscle structure over time, from its formation to its mature state. Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms.
biological regulation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any biological process, quality or function.
regulation of biological quality
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.
regulation of molecular function
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
actin-mediated cell contraction
The actin filament-based process by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of all or part of the cell body.
regulation of primary metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
epithelial cell-cell adhesion
The attachment of an epithelial cell to another epithelial cell via adhesion molecules.
regulation of muscle system process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a muscle system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in a muscle system.
regulation of multicellular organismal development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development.
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cellular metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
organelle organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
cell adhesion
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
multicellular organismal development
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
cellular developmental process
A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition.
cellular component assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component.
positive regulation of cellular process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
positive regulation of developmental process
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
regulation of metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
positive regulation of biological process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
regulation of developmental process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
regulation of cellular process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
regulation of multicellular organismal process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
establishment of localization
The directed movement of a cell, substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location.
cellular localization
Any process by which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.
regulation of biological process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
regulation of catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.
regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
regulation of cellular metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells.
cellular catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
regulation of primary metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
small molecule catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small molecules, any monomeric molecule of small relative molecular mass.
cellular component morphogenesis
The process by which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
regulation of cellular metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
positive regulation of cellular process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
establishment of localization in cell
The directed movement of a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell.
cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis
The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression.
embryo development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.
regulation of system process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.
regulation of multicellular organismal development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development.
anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
cellular component morphogenesis
The process by which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
embryonic morphogenesis
The process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants.
cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis
The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression.
anatomical structure morphogenesis
The process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
tube development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts.
cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.
regulation of cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features.
positive regulation of developmental process
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
regulation of multicellular organismal development
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development.
positive regulation of cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
intracellular transport
The directed movement of substances within a cell.
regulation of catalytic activity
Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
regulation of cellular catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
regulation of cellular catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
electron transport chain
A process whereby a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
cellular carbohydrate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
heterocycle catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).
cofactor catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein.
carbohydrate catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
cellular carbohydrate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process
The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
monosaccharide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.
alcohol catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
actin cytoskeleton organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
actin-myosin filament sliding
The sliding movement of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other.
regulation of cell differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features.
positive regulation of cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
positive regulation of cell differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
regulation of muscle system process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a muscle system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in a muscle system.
embryonic heart tube development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field.
tube morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.
organ development
Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
regulation of cardioblast differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process whereby a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
cardiac chamber formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
cardiac septum morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structure of a cardiac septum is generated and organized. A cardiac septum is a partition that separates parts of the heart.
tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
embryonic heart tube morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
blood vessel morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
cardiac chamber morphogenesis
The process by which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
cardiac septum development
The progression of a cardiac septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.
cardiac septum morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structure of a cardiac septum is generated and organized. A cardiac septum is a partition that separates parts of the heart.
tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
organ morphogenesis
Morphogenesis of an organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
muscle organ development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work.
muscle cell differentiation
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell.
positive regulation of catalytic activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
monosaccharide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms.
positive regulation of hydrolase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.
ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP.
monosaccharide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms.
purine nucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
coenzyme catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
myofibril assembly
Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle.
cardiac cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac cell is a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.
muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate.
cardiac muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
positive regulation of cardioblast differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process whereby a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
sarcomere organization
The myofibril assembly process by which the muscle actomyosin is organized into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
muscle filament sliding
The sliding of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other in muscle contraction. This involves a process of interaction of myosin located on a thick filament with actin located on a thin filament. During this process ATP is split and forces are generated.
regulation of muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.
heart contraction
The multicellular organismal process by which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
regulation of the force of heart contraction
Any process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled.
cardiac ventricle formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
embryonic heart tube morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
cardiac chamber morphogenesis
The process by which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
embryonic heart tube morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
heart looping
The characteristic morphogenetic movements where the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration.
epithelial tube morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.
cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
cardiac ventricle morphogenesis
The process by which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
morphogenesis of an epithelium
The process by which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.
blood vessel development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
heart morphogenesis
The developmental process by which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
cardiac chamber development
The progression of a cardiac chamber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
embryonic heart tube development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field.
cardiac cell differentiation
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.
muscle tissue development
The progression of muscle tissue over time, from its initial formation to its mature state. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers.
actin filament-based movement
Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins.
regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.
purine nucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
positive regulation of ATPase activity
Any process that activates or increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
respiratory electron transport chain
A process whereby a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
oxidative phosphorylation
The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis.
hexose catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
acetyl-CoA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated.
regulation of nucleotide metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.
purine nucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
nucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
regulation of cardioblast differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process whereby a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
positive regulation of cardioblast differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process whereby a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
cardiac muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
striated muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle cells contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle.
cardiac muscle cell differentiation
The process whereby a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
myofibril assembly
Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle.
cardiac myofibril assembly
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.
skeletal muscle contraction
A process whereby force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control.
regulation of striated muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.
regulation of heart contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process by which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
cardiac muscle contraction
Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue.
ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
cardiac muscle tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
cardiac muscle cell differentiation
The process whereby a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone
The transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex I.
regulation of ATPase activity
Any process that modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
tricarboxylic acid cycle
A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two CO2 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle.
glucose catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
glycolysis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a monosaccharide (generally glucose) into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP. Pyruvate may be converted to ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules, or fed into the TCA cycle.
plasma membrane
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
intracellular
The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
contractile fiber
Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
membrane
Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
mitochondrion
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
extracellular region
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
endoplasmic reticulum
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
cellular_component
The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together.
proteinaceous extracellular matrix
A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.
basement membrane
A thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers.
cell
The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
cytoplasm
All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
mitochondrial envelope
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
mitochondrial inner membrane
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.
mitochondrial respiratory chain
The protein complexes that form the mitochondrial electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I
A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone.
mitochondrial matrix
The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation.
endoplasmic reticulum lumen
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
cytoskeleton
Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
muscle myosin complex
A filament of myosin found in a muscle cell of any type.
troponin complex
A complex of accessory proteins (typically troponin T, troponin I and troponin C) found associated with actin in muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation of muscle contraction.
striated muscle thin filament
Filaments formed of actin and associated proteins; attached to Z discs at either end of sarcomeres in myofibrils.
cell-cell junction
A cell junction that forms a connection between two cells; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.
adherens junction
A cell junction at which anchoring proteins (cadherins or integrins) extend through the plasma membrane and are attached to actin filaments.
cell-cell adherens junction
An adherens junction which connects two cells to each other.
fascia adherens
A cell-cell junction that contains the transmembrane protein N-cadherin, which interacts with identical molecules from neighboring cells to form a tight mechanical intercellular link; forms a large portion of the intercalated disc, the structure at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes.
cell-substrate adherens junction
An adherens junction which connects a cell to the extracellular matrix.
focal adhesion
Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.
intercalated disc
A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells.
actin cytoskeleton
The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.
dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex
A multiprotein complex that forms a strong mechanical link between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix; typical of, but not confined to, muscle cells. The complex is composed of transmembrane, cytoplasmic, and extracellular proteins, including dystrophin, sarcoglycans, dystroglycan, dystrobrevins, syntrophins, sarcospan, caveolin-3, and NO synthase.
basolateral plasma membrane
The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.
myosin complex
A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes.
myosin II complex
A myosin complex containing two class II myosin heavy chains, two myosin essential light chains and two myosin regulatory light chains. Also known as classical myosin or conventional myosin, the myosin II class includes the major muscle myosin of vertebrate and invertebrate muscle, and is characterized by alpha-helical coiled coil tails that self assemble to form a variety of filament structures.
sarcoplasm
The cytoplasm of a muscle cell; includes the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
sarcoplasmic reticulum
A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell; continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope; that part of the endoplasmic reticulum specialized for calcium release, uptake and storage.
organelle inner membrane
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope; usually highly selective to most ions and metabolites.
myofibril
The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.
sarcomere
The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
Z disc
Platelike region of a muscle sarcomere to which the plus ends of actin filaments are attached.
cell junction
A plasma membrane part that forms a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.
cell-substrate junction
A cell junction that forms a connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
T-tubule
Invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. The ends of T-tubules make contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.
NADH dehydrogenase complex
An integral membrane complex that possesses NADH oxidoreductase activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It catalyzes the transfer of a pair of electrons from NADH to a quinone.
extracellular matrix
A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals) or be part of the cell (as in plants).
organelle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding an organelle.
pseudopodium
A temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with flowing movements of the protoplasm, and serving for locomotion and feeding.
AMP-activated protein kinase complex
A protein complex that possesses AMP-dependent protein kinase activity.
A band
The dark-staining region of a sarcomere, in which myosin thick filaments are present; the center is traversed by the paler H zone, which in turn contains the M line.
I band
A region of a sarcomere that appears as a light band on each side of the Z disc, comprising a region of the sarcomere where thin (actin) filaments are not overlapped by thick (myosin) filaments; contains actin, troponin, and tropomyosin; each sarcomere includes half of an I band at each end.
mitochondrial membrane
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
organelle envelope
A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes.
membrane-enclosed lumen
The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen.
envelope
A multilayered structure surrounding all or part of a cell; encompasses one or more lipid bilayers, and may include a cell wall layer; also includes the space between layers.
mitochondrial lumen
The volume enclosed by the mitochondrial inner membrane.
macromolecular complex
A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which the constituent parts function together.
sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
sarcolemma
The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers.
cell projection
A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
costamere
Regular periodic sub membranous arrays of vinculin in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, these arrays link Z-discs to the sarcolemma and are associated with links to extracellular matrix.
organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.
membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
non-membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
intracellular organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
organelle lumen
The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen.
protein complex
Any macromolecular complex composed of two or more polypeptide subunits, which may or may not be identical. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleotides, metal ions or other small molecules.
cell-cell contact zone
Extended zone of intimate apposition between two cells containing one or more types of intercellular junctions, e.g., the intercalated disk of muscle.
extracellular matrix part
Any constituent part of the extracellular matrix, the structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals) or be part of the cell (as often seen in plants).
extracellular region part
Any constituent part of the extracellular region, the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers constituent parts of the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
organelle part
Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane.
intracellular part
Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
membrane part
Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
mitochondrial part
Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
cytoskeletal part
Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice.
endoplasmic reticulum part
Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae.
cytoplasmic part
Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
intracellular organelle part
A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane.
contractile fiber part
Any constituent part of a contractile fiber, a fiber composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
mitochondrial membrane part
Any constituent part of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
plasma membrane part
Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
cell part
Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
membrane raft
Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.
respiratory chain complex I
Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain. It consists of at least 34 polypeptide chains and is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex.
intracellular organelle lumen
An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle.
anchoring junction
A cell junction that mechanically attaches a cell (and its cytoskeleton) to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix.
respiratory chain
The protein complexes that form the electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with a cell membrane, usually the plasma membrane (in prokaryotes) or the inner mitochondrial membrane (on eukaryotes). The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
subsynaptic reticulum
An elaborate tubulolamellar membrane system that underlies the postsynaptic cell membrane.
all
NA
extracellular region part
Any constituent part of the extracellular region, the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers constituent parts of the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
cell part
Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
organelle part
Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane.
organelle lumen
The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen.
organelle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding an organelle.
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
intracellular organelle part
A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane.
extracellular matrix part
Any constituent part of the extracellular matrix, the structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals) or be part of the cell (as often seen in plants).
organelle envelope
A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes.
intracellular organelle lumen
An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle.
troponin complex
A complex of accessory proteins (typically troponin T, troponin I and troponin C) found associated with actin in muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation of muscle contraction.
intracellular part
Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
organelle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding an organelle.
membrane part
Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
organelle envelope
A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes.
organelle inner membrane
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope; usually highly selective to most ions and metabolites.
NADH dehydrogenase complex
An integral membrane complex that possesses NADH oxidoreductase activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It catalyzes the transfer of a pair of electrons from NADH to a quinone.
AMP-activated protein kinase complex
A protein complex that possesses AMP-dependent protein kinase activity.
intracellular organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
intracellular organelle part
A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane.
NADH dehydrogenase complex
An integral membrane complex that possesses NADH oxidoreductase activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It catalyzes the transfer of a pair of electrons from NADH to a quinone.
organelle inner membrane
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope; usually highly selective to most ions and metabolites.
basement membrane
A thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers.
mitochondrial inner membrane
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.
mitochondrial membrane part
Any constituent part of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
mitochondrial envelope
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
mitochondrial membrane
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
mitochondrial lumen
The volume enclosed by the mitochondrial inner membrane.
mitochondrial membrane part
Any constituent part of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
troponin complex
A complex of accessory proteins (typically troponin T, troponin I and troponin C) found associated with actin in muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation of muscle contraction.
striated muscle thin filament
Filaments formed of actin and associated proteins; attached to Z discs at either end of sarcomeres in myofibrils.
myosin complex
A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes.
endoplasmic reticulum lumen
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
troponin complex
A complex of accessory proteins (typically troponin T, troponin I and troponin C) found associated with actin in muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation of muscle contraction.
striated muscle thin filament
Filaments formed of actin and associated proteins; attached to Z discs at either end of sarcomeres in myofibrils.
A band
The dark-staining region of a sarcomere, in which myosin thick filaments are present; the center is traversed by the paler H zone, which in turn contains the M line.
I band
A region of a sarcomere that appears as a light band on each side of the Z disc, comprising a region of the sarcomere where thin (actin) filaments are not overlapped by thick (myosin) filaments; contains actin, troponin, and tropomyosin; each sarcomere includes half of an I band at each end.
Z disc
Platelike region of a muscle sarcomere to which the plus ends of actin filaments are attached.
plasma membrane part
Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
cytoplasmic part
Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
contractile fiber
Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
mitochondrion
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
endoplasmic reticulum
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
mitochondrial part
Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
endoplasmic reticulum part
Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae.
contractile fiber part
Any constituent part of a contractile fiber, a fiber composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
subsynaptic reticulum
An elaborate tubulolamellar membrane system that underlies the postsynaptic cell membrane.
dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex
A multiprotein complex that forms a strong mechanical link between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix; typical of, but not confined to, muscle cells. The complex is composed of transmembrane, cytoplasmic, and extracellular proteins, including dystrophin, sarcoglycans, dystroglycan, dystrobrevins, syntrophins, sarcospan, caveolin-3, and NO synthase.
mitochondrial respiratory chain
The protein complexes that form the mitochondrial electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
respiratory chain complex I
Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain. It consists of at least 34 polypeptide chains and is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex.
mitochondrial matrix
The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation.
muscle myosin complex
A filament of myosin found in a muscle cell of any type.
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I
A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone.
mitochondrial membrane
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
mitochondrial part
Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
endoplasmic reticulum part
Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae.
sarcoplasmic reticulum
A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell; continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope; that part of the endoplasmic reticulum specialized for calcium release, uptake and storage.
endoplasmic reticulum part
Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae.
contractile fiber part
Any constituent part of a contractile fiber, a fiber composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
cytoskeletal part
Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice.
mitochondrial respiratory chain
The protein complexes that form the mitochondrial electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
T-tubule
Invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. The ends of T-tubules make contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.
sarcoplasmic reticulum
A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell; continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope; that part of the endoplasmic reticulum specialized for calcium release, uptake and storage.
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I
A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone.
cell-substrate junction
A cell junction that forms a connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
sarcomere
The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
costamere
Regular periodic sub membranous arrays of vinculin in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, these arrays link Z-discs to the sarcolemma and are associated with links to extracellular matrix.
striated muscle thin filament
Filaments formed of actin and associated proteins; attached to Z discs at either end of sarcomeres in myofibrils.
myosin complex
A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes.
cell-cell adherens junction
An adherens junction which connects two cells to each other.
cell-substrate adherens junction
An adherens junction which connects a cell to the extracellular matrix.
fascia adherens
A cell-cell junction that contains the transmembrane protein N-cadherin, which interacts with identical molecules from neighboring cells to form a tight mechanical intercellular link; forms a large portion of the intercalated disc, the structure at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes.
electron carrier activity
Any molecular entity that serves as an electron acceptor and electron donor in an electron transport system.
nucleotide binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose moiety.
protein binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
nucleoside binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.
purine nucleoside binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a purine nucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.
molecular_function
Elemental activities, such as catalysis or binding, describing the actions of a gene product at the molecular level. A given gene product may exhibit one or more molecular functions.
actin binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments.
catalytic activity
Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
NADH dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + acceptor = NAD+ + reduced acceptor.
protein kinase activity
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein serine/threonine = ADP + protein serine/threonine phosphate.
AMP-activated protein kinase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein; dependent on the presence of AMP.
structural molecule activity
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex or assembly within or outside a cell.
transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells.
transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a substance from one side of a membrane to the other.
binding
The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
tropomyosin binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tropomyosin, a protein associated with actin filaments both in cytoplasm and, in association with troponin, in the thin filament of striated muscle.
oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
cytoskeletal protein binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein component of any cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + ubiquinone = NAD+ + ubiquinol.
structural constituent of muscle
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a muscle fiber.
cation transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the transfer of cation from one side of the membrane to the other.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
ion transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other.
monovalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a inorganic cations with a valency of one from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
hydrogen ion transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the transfer of hydrogen ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
AMP binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with AMP, adenosine monophosphate.
kinase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH, quinone or similar compound as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or a similar acceptor molecule.
transferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to an alcohol group (acceptor).
myosin binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a myosin complex; myosins are any of a superfamily of molecular motor proteins that bind to actin and use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to generate force and movement along actin filaments.
purine nucleotide binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with purine nucleotides, any compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate.
inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the transfer of inorganic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a specific substance or group of related substances from one side of a membrane to the other.
substrate-specific transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of a specific substance or group of related substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells.
troponin C binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with troponin C, the calcium-binding subunit of the troponin complex.
adenyl nucleotide binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with adenyl nucleotides, any compound consisting of adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.
troponin I binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with troponin I, the inhibitory subunit of the troponin complex.
troponin T binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with troponin T, the tropomyosin-binding subunit of the troponin complex.
titin binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with titin, any of a family of giant proteins found in striated and smooth muscle. In striated muscle, single titin molecules span half the sarcomere, with their N- and C-termini in the Z-disc and M-line, respectively.
myosin heavy chain binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heavy chain of a myosin complex.
ribonucleotide binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a ribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.
purine ribonucleotide binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.
adenyl ribonucleotide binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an adenyl ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.
actinin binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with actinin, any member of a family of proteins that crosslink F-actin.
cofactor binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in certain forms, or organic, in which case they are referred to as coenzymes. Cofactors may either be bound tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate.
NADH dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + a quinone = NAD+ + a quinol.
coenzyme binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a coenzyme, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
NAD or NADH binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
all
NA
substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a specific substance or group of related substances from one side of a membrane to the other.
purine ribonucleotide binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.
adenyl nucleotide binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with adenyl nucleotides, any compound consisting of adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.
NAD or NADH binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
NADH dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + a quinone = NAD+ + a quinol.
protein kinase activity
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
adenyl ribonucleotide binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an adenyl ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.
| Id | Pvalue | ExpCount | Count | Size | Term |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 05012 | 2.393e-12 | 3.135 | 23 | 72 | Parkinson's disease |
| 04260 | 3.460e-12 | 2.307 | 20 | 53 | Cardiac muscle contraction |
| 05410 | 7.364e-12 | 3.004 | 22 | 69 | Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) |
| 05414 | 1.684e-11 | 3.135 | 22 | 72 | Dilated cardiomyopathy |
| 00190 | 4.354e-10 | 3.309 | 21 | 76 | Oxidative phosphorylation |
| 05010 | 5.621e-09 | 4.571 | 23 | 105 | Alzheimer's disease |
| 05016 | 1.178e-08 | 4.745 | 23 | 109 | Huntington's disease |
| 05412 | 9.950e-06 | 2.612 | 14 | 60 | Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) |
| 00020 | 7.269e-05 | 0.9142 | 8 | 21 | Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) |
| 04510 | 1.174e-02 | 7.009 | 17 | 161 | Focal adhesion |
ABCC9ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 9 (ENSG00000069431), score: 0.66 ABLIM1actin binding LIM protein 1 (ENSG00000099204), score: 0.63 ABRAactin-binding Rho activating protein (ENSG00000174429), score: 0.81 ACOT9acyl-CoA thioesterase 9 (ENSG00000123130), score: 0.7 ACTC1actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1 (ENSG00000159251), score: 0.92 ACTN2actinin, alpha 2 (ENSG00000077522), score: 0.82 ADALadenosine deaminase-like (ENSG00000168803), score: 0.63 ADAMTS15ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 15 (ENSG00000166106), score: 0.67 ADAMTSL4ADAMTS-like 4 (ENSG00000143382), score: 0.65 ADAMTSL5ADAMTS-like 5 (ENSG00000185761), score: 0.88 ADCY4adenylate cyclase 4 (ENSG00000129467), score: 0.62 ADCY6adenylate cyclase 6 (ENSG00000174233), score: 0.67 ADSSL1adenylosuccinate synthase like 1 (ENSG00000185100), score: 0.69 AFAP1L1actin filament associated protein 1-like 1 (ENSG00000157510), score: 0.73 AFG3L2AFG3 ATPase family gene 3-like 2 (S. cerevisiae) (ENSG00000141385), score: 0.68 AK1adenylate kinase 1 (ENSG00000106992), score: 0.66 AKAP13A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 13 (ENSG00000170776), score: 0.68 ALPK2alpha-kinase 2 (ENSG00000198796), score: 0.81 ALPK3alpha-kinase 3 (ENSG00000136383), score: 0.79 ANAPC16anaphase promoting complex subunit 16 (ENSG00000166295), score: 0.62 ANGPTL2angiopoietin-like 2 (ENSG00000136859), score: 0.69 ANKRD1ankyrin repeat domain 1 (cardiac muscle) (ENSG00000148677), score: 0.96 ANXA1annexin A1 (ENSG00000135046), score: 0.62 ANXA3annexin A3 (ENSG00000138772), score: 0.71 APOBEC2apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 2 (ENSG00000124701), score: 0.93 AQP11aquaporin 11 (ENSG00000178301), score: -0.73 ARHGAP10Rho GTPase activating protein 10 (ENSG00000071205), score: 0.74 ARHGAP31Rho GTPase activating protein 31 (ENSG00000031081), score: 0.75 ARHGEF15Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 15 (ENSG00000198844), score: 0.63 ARHGEF18Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 18 (ENSG00000104880), score: -0.68 ARHGEF6Rac/Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 6 (ENSG00000129675), score: 0.72 ARL6IP1ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 1 (ENSG00000170540), score: -0.71 ASAH1N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase (acid ceramidase) 1 (ENSG00000104763), score: 0.67 ASB11ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing 11 (ENSG00000165192), score: 1 ASB15ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing 15 (ENSG00000146809), score: 0.85 ASB16ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing 16 (ENSG00000161664), score: 0.65 ASB2ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing 2 (ENSG00000100628), score: 0.73 ASB4ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing 4 (ENSG00000005981), score: 0.76 ASB8ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing 8 (ENSG00000177981), score: 0.73 ATP2A2ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow twitch 2 (ENSG00000174437), score: 0.79 ATP5A1ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1, cardiac muscle (ENSG00000152234), score: 0.77 ATP5C1ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, gamma polypeptide 1 (ENSG00000165629), score: 0.7 ATP5JATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit F6 (ENSG00000154723), score: 0.64 ATP5SLATP5S-like (ENSG00000105341), score: 0.62 BAG3BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (ENSG00000151929), score: 0.63 BCL2L13BCL2-like 13 (apoptosis facilitator) (ENSG00000099968), score: 0.63 BCL6BB-cell CLL/lymphoma 6, member B (ENSG00000161940), score: 0.66 BOLA3bolA homolog 3 (E. coli) (ENSG00000163170), score: 0.68 BRI3BPBRI3 binding protein (ENSG00000184992), score: -0.69 BVESblood vessel epicardial substance (ENSG00000112276), score: 0.82 BZW2basic leucine zipper and W2 domains 2 (ENSG00000136261), score: 0.86 C10orf71chromosome 10 open reading frame 71 (ENSG00000177354), score: 0.98 C10orf76chromosome 10 open reading frame 76 (ENSG00000120029), score: 0.7 C11orf67chromosome 11 open reading frame 67 (ENSG00000087884), score: 0.71 C13orf33chromosome 13 open reading frame 33 (ENSG00000102802), score: 0.73 C14orf180chromosome 14 open reading frame 180 (ENSG00000184601), score: 0.87 C15orf41chromosome 15 open reading frame 41 (ENSG00000186073), score: 0.87 C15orf52chromosome 15 open reading frame 52 (ENSG00000188549), score: 0.8 C18orf55chromosome 18 open reading frame 55 (ENSG00000075336), score: 0.63 C19orf47chromosome 19 open reading frame 47 (ENSG00000160392), score: 0.7 C1orf151chromosome 1 open reading frame 151 (ENSG00000173436), score: 0.74 C3orf1chromosome 3 open reading frame 1 (ENSG00000113845), score: 0.64 C6orf142chromosome 6 open reading frame 142 (ENSG00000146147), score: 0.81 C7orf30chromosome 7 open reading frame 30 (ENSG00000156928), score: 0.62 C8orf42chromosome 8 open reading frame 42 (ENSG00000180190), score: -0.7 CABC1chaperone, ABC1 activity of bc1 complex homolog (S. pombe) (ENSG00000163050), score: 0.69 CACNA1Ccalcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit (ENSG00000151067), score: 0.64 CASQ2calsequestrin 2 (cardiac muscle) (ENSG00000118729), score: 0.97 CASTcalpastatin (ENSG00000153113), score: 0.69 CASZ1castor zinc finger 1 (ENSG00000130940), score: 0.62 CAV1caveolin 1, caveolae protein, 22kDa (ENSG00000105974), score: 0.78 CAV2caveolin 2 (ENSG00000105971), score: 0.67 CAV3caveolin 3 (ENSG00000182533), score: 0.91 CCDC141coiled-coil domain containing 141 (ENSG00000163492), score: 0.9 CCDC69coiled-coil domain containing 69 (ENSG00000198624), score: 0.7 CCDC8coiled-coil domain containing 8 (ENSG00000169515), score: 0.73 CCDC80coiled-coil domain containing 80 (ENSG00000091986), score: 0.69 CD274CD274 molecule (ENSG00000120217), score: 0.72 CD34CD34 molecule (ENSG00000174059), score: 0.66 CDH19cadherin 19, type 2 (ENSG00000071991), score: 0.69 CDH2cadherin 2, type 1, N-cadherin (neuronal) (ENSG00000170558), score: 0.85 CDH5cadherin 5, type 2 (vascular endothelium) (ENSG00000179776), score: 0.66 CFL2cofilin 2 (muscle) (ENSG00000165410), score: 0.7 CFLARCASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (ENSG00000003402), score: 0.65 CHKBcholine kinase beta (ENSG00000205560), score: 0.69 CKMcreatine kinase, muscle (ENSG00000104879), score: 0.92 CKMT2creatine kinase, mitochondrial 2 (sarcomeric) (ENSG00000131730), score: 0.9 CLIC5chloride intracellular channel 5 (ENSG00000112782), score: 0.7 CMYA5cardiomyopathy associated 5 (ENSG00000164309), score: 0.94 CNBPCCHC-type zinc finger, nucleic acid binding protein (ENSG00000169714), score: 0.63 CNNM2cyclin M2 (ENSG00000148842), score: -0.74 COL15A1collagen, type XV, alpha 1 (ENSG00000204291), score: 0.74 COL6A3collagen, type VI, alpha 3 (ENSG00000163359), score: 0.68 COQ10Acoenzyme Q10 homolog A (S. cerevisiae) (ENSG00000135469), score: 0.66 COQ9coenzyme Q9 homolog (S. cerevisiae) (ENSG00000088682), score: 0.73 COX4I1cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1 (ENSG00000131143), score: 0.71 COX6A2cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIa polypeptide 2 (ENSG00000156885), score: 0.9 COX7A1cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 1 (muscle) (ENSG00000161281), score: 0.8 CRIP1cysteine-rich protein 1 (intestinal) (ENSG00000213145), score: 0.63 CScitrate synthase (ENSG00000062485), score: 0.78 CSDE1cold shock domain containing E1, RNA-binding (ENSG00000009307), score: 0.72 CSRP3cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 (cardiac LIM protein) (ENSG00000129170), score: 0.96 CUL4Acullin 4A (ENSG00000139842), score: 0.63 CXCR7chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 7 (ENSG00000144476), score: 0.62 CXXC5CXXC finger 5 (ENSG00000171604), score: -0.67 CYBRD1cytochrome b reductase 1 (ENSG00000071967), score: 0.62 CYC1cytochrome c-1 (ENSG00000179091), score: 0.65 CYYR1cysteine/tyrosine-rich 1 (ENSG00000166265), score: 0.71 DAND5DAN domain family, member 5 (ENSG00000179284), score: 0.76 DAPK2death-associated protein kinase 2 (ENSG00000035664), score: 0.75 DCUN1D2DCN1, defective in cullin neddylation 1, domain containing 2 (S. cerevisiae) (ENSG00000150401), score: 0.66 DDR2discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ENSG00000162733), score: 0.62 DDX1DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 1 (ENSG00000079785), score: 0.62 DHRS7Cdehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 7C (ENSG00000184544), score: 0.89 DIRC2disrupted in renal carcinoma 2 (ENSG00000138463), score: 0.63 DLC1deleted in liver cancer 1 (ENSG00000164741), score: 0.63 DLDdihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (ENSG00000091140), score: 0.74 DMDdystrophin (ENSG00000198947), score: 0.63 DMPKdystrophia myotonica-protein kinase (ENSG00000104936), score: 0.78 DOK7docking protein 7 (ENSG00000175920), score: 0.65 DOLPP1dolichyl pyrophosphate phosphatase 1 (ENSG00000167130), score: -0.7 DPTdermatopontin (ENSG00000143196), score: 0.62 DSC1desmocollin 1 (ENSG00000134765), score: 0.75 DSPdesmoplakin (ENSG00000096696), score: 0.69 DUSP27dual specificity phosphatase 27 (putative) (ENSG00000198842), score: 0.96 DYRK2dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 2 (ENSG00000127334), score: 0.66 EDNRAendothelin receptor type A (ENSG00000151617), score: 0.69 EFEMP2EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 2 (ENSG00000172638), score: 0.65 EGLN3egl nine homolog 3 (C. elegans) (ENSG00000129521), score: 0.78 EHD2EH-domain containing 2 (ENSG00000024422), score: 0.73 EIF1Beukaryotic translation initiation factor 1B (ENSG00000114784), score: 0.7 EIF3Aeukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit A (ENSG00000107581), score: 0.63 EMILIN2elastin microfibril interfacer 2 (ENSG00000132205), score: 0.75 ENO3enolase 3 (beta, muscle) (ENSG00000108515), score: 0.77 ESYT2extended synaptotagmin-like protein 2 (ENSG00000117868), score: 0.69 EYA1eyes absent homolog 1 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000104313), score: 0.67 FAAHfatty acid amide hydrolase (ENSG00000117480), score: -0.72 FABP4fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte (ENSG00000170323), score: 0.76 FAM129Afamily with sequence similarity 129, member A (ENSG00000135842), score: 0.87 FAM134Afamily with sequence similarity 134, member A (ENSG00000144567), score: -0.68 FAM198Bfamily with sequence similarity 198, member B (ENSG00000164125), score: 0.66 FBLIM1filamin binding LIM protein 1 (ENSG00000162458), score: 0.69 FBLN1fibulin 1 (ENSG00000077942), score: 0.66 FBN1fibrillin 1 (ENSG00000166147), score: 0.75 FBXO30F-box protein 30 (ENSG00000118496), score: 0.62 FBXO32F-box protein 32 (ENSG00000156804), score: 0.77 FBXO40F-box protein 40 (ENSG00000163833), score: 0.95 FGF16fibroblast growth factor 16 (ENSG00000196468), score: 0.63 FGF18fibroblast growth factor 18 (ENSG00000156427), score: 0.9 FGF7fibroblast growth factor 7 (ENSG00000140285), score: 0.85 FGFR2fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (ENSG00000066468), score: -0.75 FGFR3fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (ENSG00000068078), score: -0.68 FHL1four and a half LIM domains 1 (ENSG00000022267), score: 0.75 FHL2four and a half LIM domains 2 (ENSG00000115641), score: 0.86 FHOD3formin homology 2 domain containing 3 (ENSG00000134775), score: 0.76 FILIP1filamin A interacting protein 1 (ENSG00000118407), score: 0.89 FITM2fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 2 (ENSG00000197296), score: 0.86 FKBP9FK506 binding protein 9, 63 kDa (ENSG00000122642), score: 0.63 FLI1Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (ENSG00000151702), score: 0.63 FLNCfilamin C, gamma (ENSG00000128591), score: 0.9 FMO2flavin containing monooxygenase 2 (non-functional) (ENSG00000094963), score: 0.7 FRMD3FERM domain containing 3 (ENSG00000172159), score: 0.66 FSD2fibronectin type III and SPRY domain containing 2 (ENSG00000186628), score: 0.98 FSTL3follistatin-like 3 (secreted glycoprotein) (ENSG00000070404), score: 0.66 FYCO1FYVE and coiled-coil domain containing 1 (ENSG00000163820), score: 0.76 GAB3GRB2-associated binding protein 3 (ENSG00000160219), score: 0.72 GATA4GATA binding protein 4 (ENSG00000136574), score: 0.65 GATA6GATA binding protein 6 (ENSG00000141448), score: 0.75 GCOM1GRINL1A complex locus (ENSG00000137878), score: 0.83 GEMGTP binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle (ENSG00000164949), score: 0.62 GGHgamma-glutamyl hydrolase (conjugase, folylpolygammaglutamyl hydrolase) (ENSG00000137563), score: -0.69 GJA3gap junction protein, alpha 3, 46kDa (ENSG00000121743), score: 0.82 GMPRguanosine monophosphate reductase (ENSG00000137198), score: 0.73 GPD1Lglycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-like (ENSG00000152642), score: 0.67 GRINAglutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate-associated protein 1 (glutamate binding) (ENSG00000178719), score: -0.74 GRIP2glutamate receptor interacting protein 2 (ENSG00000144596), score: 0.63 GRK5G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (ENSG00000198873), score: 0.73 GSNgelsolin (ENSG00000148180), score: 0.73 GYPCglycophorin C (Gerbich blood group) (ENSG00000136732), score: 0.7 GYS1glycogen synthase 1 (muscle) (ENSG00000104812), score: 0.69 HADHAhydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase (trifunctional protein), alpha subunit (ENSG00000084754), score: 0.7 HADHBhydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase (trifunctional protein), beta subunit (ENSG00000138029), score: 0.74 HAND1heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 1 (ENSG00000113196), score: 1 HAND2heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 (ENSG00000164107), score: 0.81 HBEGFheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (ENSG00000113070), score: 0.65 HCCSholocytochrome c synthase (ENSG00000004961), score: 0.66 HEG1HEG homolog 1 (zebrafish) (ENSG00000173706), score: 0.75 HEY2hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif 2 (ENSG00000135547), score: 0.63 HHATLhedgehog acyltransferase-like (ENSG00000010282), score: 0.69 HIF3Ahypoxia inducible factor 3, alpha subunit (ENSG00000124440), score: 0.68 HIPK3homeodomain interacting protein kinase 3 (ENSG00000110422), score: 0.65 HMGCR3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (ENSG00000113161), score: -0.68 HRChistidine rich calcium binding protein (ENSG00000130528), score: 0.95 HSPB3heat shock 27kDa protein 3 (ENSG00000169271), score: 0.86 HSPB6heat shock protein, alpha-crystallin-related, B6 (ENSG00000004776), score: 0.87 HSPB7heat shock 27kDa protein family, member 7 (cardiovascular) (ENSG00000173641), score: 0.94 HSPB8heat shock 22kDa protein 8 (ENSG00000152137), score: 0.7 HSPG2heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (ENSG00000142798), score: 0.63 HTRA3HtrA serine peptidase 3 (ENSG00000170801), score: 0.81 IDH2isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial (ENSG00000182054), score: 0.64 IDH3Bisocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) beta (ENSG00000101365), score: 0.77 IMMTinner membrane protein, mitochondrial (ENSG00000132305), score: 0.76 IRX3iroquois homeobox 3 (ENSG00000177508), score: 0.71 ITGA7integrin, alpha 7 (ENSG00000135424), score: 0.78 ITGB1BP2integrin beta 1 binding protein (melusin) 2 (ENSG00000147166), score: 0.87 ITGB1BP3integrin beta 1 binding protein 3 (ENSG00000077009), score: 0.94 KANK2KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 2 (ENSG00000197256), score: 0.77 KBTBD10kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 10 (ENSG00000239474), score: 0.93 KBTBD5kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 5 (ENSG00000157119), score: 0.79 KCNJ2potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 2 (ENSG00000123700), score: 0.68 KCNJ5potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 5 (ENSG00000120457), score: 0.77 KIAA1543KIAA1543 (ENSG00000076826), score: -0.67 KIAA1598KIAA1598 (ENSG00000187164), score: -0.81 KIF13Akinesin family member 13A (ENSG00000137177), score: 0.69 KIF1Ckinesin family member 1C (ENSG00000129250), score: 0.79 KLHL24kelch-like 24 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000114796), score: 0.73 KLHL31kelch-like 31 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000124743), score: 0.95 KLHL38kelch-like 38 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000175946), score: 0.96 KLHL7kelch-like 7 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000122550), score: 0.67 LAMA4laminin, alpha 4 (ENSG00000112769), score: 0.8 LAMB2laminin, beta 2 (laminin S) (ENSG00000172037), score: 0.63 LAPTM4Blysosomal protein transmembrane 4 beta (ENSG00000104341), score: 0.72 LBHlimb bud and heart development homolog (mouse) (ENSG00000213626), score: 0.7 LDB3LIM domain binding 3 (ENSG00000122367), score: 0.89 LIMCH1LIM and calponin homology domains 1 (ENSG00000064042), score: 0.65 LIMS2LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domains 2 (ENSG00000072163), score: 0.68 LMNAlamin A/C (ENSG00000160789), score: 0.62 LMO7LIM domain 7 (ENSG00000136153), score: 0.69 LMOD2leiomodin 2 (cardiac) (ENSG00000170807), score: 0.97 LMOD3leiomodin 3 (fetal) (ENSG00000163380), score: 0.71 LOC100291405similar to protein tyrosine phosphatase-like A domain containing 1 (ENSG00000074696), score: -0.84 LOC100291671similar to SH3-binding domain and glutamic acid-rich protein (ENSG00000185437), score: 0.8 LOC727947ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase binding protein pseudogene (ENSG00000156467), score: 0.73 LRRC10leucine rich repeat containing 10 (ENSG00000198812), score: 0.98 LRRC14Bleucine rich repeat containing 14B (ENSG00000185028), score: 0.81 LRRC2leucine rich repeat containing 2 (ENSG00000163827), score: 0.86 LRRC39leucine rich repeat containing 39 (ENSG00000122477), score: 0.89 LTBP1latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 1 (ENSG00000049323), score: 0.68 MAL2mal, T-cell differentiation protein 2 (ENSG00000147676), score: -0.68 MALLmal, T-cell differentiation protein-like (ENSG00000144063), score: 0.63 MAMDC2MAM domain containing 2 (ENSG00000165072), score: 0.69 MAP4microtubule-associated protein 4 (ENSG00000047849), score: 0.67 MAP7microtubule-associated protein 7 (ENSG00000135525), score: -0.83 MAPKAPK2mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (ENSG00000162889), score: 0.76 MAPKAPK3mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 3 (ENSG00000114738), score: 0.8 MBmyoglobin (ENSG00000198125), score: 0.96 MDH2malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD (mitochondrial) (ENSG00000146701), score: 0.62 ME2malic enzyme 2, NAD(+)-dependent, mitochondrial (ENSG00000082212), score: 0.67 MEOX1mesenchyme homeobox 1 (ENSG00000005102), score: 0.86 MEOX2mesenchyme homeobox 2 (ENSG00000106511), score: 0.83 METTL11Bmethyltransferase like 11B (ENSG00000203740), score: 0.68 MFN2mitofusin 2 (ENSG00000116688), score: 0.84 MITFmicrophthalmia-associated transcription factor (ENSG00000187098), score: 0.73 MLYCDmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase (ENSG00000103150), score: 0.64 MMP11matrix metallopeptidase 11 (stromelysin 3) (ENSG00000099953), score: 0.62 MRPL21mitochondrial ribosomal protein L21 (ENSG00000197345), score: 0.63 MRPL35mitochondrial ribosomal protein L35 (ENSG00000132313), score: 0.62 MRPS9mitochondrial ribosomal protein S9 (ENSG00000135972), score: 0.69 MSRB3methionine sulfoxide reductase B3 (ENSG00000174099), score: 0.86 MURCmuscle-related coiled-coil protein (ENSG00000170681), score: 0.68 MXRA7matrix-remodelling associated 7 (ENSG00000182534), score: 0.69 MYBPC3myosin binding protein C, cardiac (ENSG00000134571), score: 0.97 MYH7myosin, heavy chain 7, cardiac muscle, beta (ENSG00000092054), score: 0.95 MYL2myosin, light chain 2, regulatory, cardiac, slow (ENSG00000111245), score: 0.96 MYL3myosin, light chain 3, alkali; ventricular, skeletal, slow (ENSG00000160808), score: 0.9 MYL4myosin, light chain 4, alkali; atrial, embryonic (ENSG00000198336), score: 0.74 MYL9myosin, light chain 9, regulatory (ENSG00000101335), score: 0.75 MYLK3myosin light chain kinase 3 (ENSG00000140795), score: 0.9 MYLK4myosin light chain kinase family, member 4 (ENSG00000145949), score: 0.65 MYO18Bmyosin XVIIIB (ENSG00000133454), score: 0.92 MYOCmyocilin, trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response (ENSG00000034971), score: 0.7 MYOCDmyocardin (ENSG00000141052), score: 0.93 MYOM2myomesin (M-protein) 2, 165kDa (ENSG00000036448), score: 0.86 MYOM3myomesin family, member 3 (ENSG00000142661), score: 0.83 MYOZ1myozenin 1 (ENSG00000177791), score: 0.63 MYOZ2myozenin 2 (ENSG00000172399), score: 0.96 MYPNmyopalladin (ENSG00000138347), score: 0.96 NDUFA10NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 10, 42kDa (ENSG00000130414), score: 0.65 NDUFA12NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 12 (ENSG00000184752), score: 0.85 NDUFA6NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 6, 14kDa (ENSG00000184983), score: 0.71 NDUFA7NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 7, 14.5kDa (ENSG00000167774), score: 0.62 NDUFA8NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 8, 19kDa (ENSG00000119421), score: 0.81 NDUFB10NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 10, 22kDa (ENSG00000140990), score: 0.75 NDUFB6NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 6, 17kDa (ENSG00000165264), score: 0.73 NDUFS1NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 1, 75kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase) (ENSG00000023228), score: 0.8 NDUFS2NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 2, 49kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase) (ENSG00000158864), score: 0.75 NDUFS3NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 3, 30kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase) (ENSG00000213619), score: 0.62 NDUFS6NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 6, 13kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase) (ENSG00000145494), score: 0.7 NEBLnebulette (ENSG00000078114), score: 0.64 NFE2L1nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 1 (ENSG00000082641), score: 0.79 NGFnerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) (ENSG00000134259), score: 0.66 NHLRC2NHL repeat containing 2 (ENSG00000196865), score: 0.66 NKIRAS2NFKB inhibitor interacting Ras-like 2 (ENSG00000168256), score: 0.66 NKX2-5NK2 transcription factor related, locus 5 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000183072), score: 0.97 NNTnicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (ENSG00000112992), score: 0.73 NOX3NADPH oxidase 3 (ENSG00000074771), score: 0.7 NR2F1nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 1 (ENSG00000175745), score: -0.68 NRAPnebulin-related anchoring protein (ENSG00000197893), score: 0.82 NT5C1A5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA (ENSG00000116981), score: 0.62 OGDHoxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide) (ENSG00000105953), score: 0.71 OLFML2Aolfactomedin-like 2A (ENSG00000185585), score: 0.73 P2RY2purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 2 (ENSG00000175591), score: 0.63 PACSIN3protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons 3 (ENSG00000165912), score: 0.68 PALLDpalladin, cytoskeletal associated protein (ENSG00000129116), score: 0.73 PALMDpalmdelphin (ENSG00000099260), score: 0.71 PAMpeptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (ENSG00000145730), score: 0.75 PARVBparvin, beta (ENSG00000188677), score: 0.67 PCpyruvate carboxylase (ENSG00000173599), score: -0.69 PCYT1Aphosphate cytidylyltransferase 1, choline, alpha (ENSG00000161217), score: 0.65 PDE1Cphosphodiesterase 1C, calmodulin-dependent 70kDa (ENSG00000154678), score: 0.73 PDE3Aphosphodiesterase 3A, cGMP-inhibited (ENSG00000172572), score: 0.81 PDE7Aphosphodiesterase 7A (ENSG00000205268), score: 0.65 PDHBpyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) beta (ENSG00000168291), score: 0.64 PDHXpyruvate dehydrogenase complex, component X (ENSG00000110435), score: 0.69 PDLIM3PDZ and LIM domain 3 (ENSG00000154553), score: 0.71 PDLIM5PDZ and LIM domain 5 (ENSG00000163110), score: 0.79 PDZRN3PDZ domain containing ring finger 3 (ENSG00000121440), score: 0.72 PEBP4phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (ENSG00000134020), score: 0.79 PFKMphosphofructokinase, muscle (ENSG00000152556), score: 0.63 PGAM2phosphoglycerate mutase 2 (muscle) (ENSG00000164708), score: 0.65 PGFplacental growth factor (ENSG00000119630), score: 0.69 PHGDHphosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (ENSG00000092621), score: -0.78 PIGFphosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class F (ENSG00000151665), score: 0.74 PKP2plakophilin 2 (ENSG00000057294), score: 0.87 PLIN4perilipin 4 (ENSG00000167676), score: 0.75 PLNphospholamban (ENSG00000198523), score: 0.9 POF1Bpremature ovarian failure, 1B (ENSG00000124429), score: 0.62 POPDC2popeye domain containing 2 (ENSG00000121577), score: 0.96 POPDC3popeye domain containing 3 (ENSG00000132429), score: 0.67 POSTNperiostin, osteoblast specific factor (ENSG00000133110), score: 0.7 PPFIBP1PTPRF interacting protein, binding protein 1 (liprin beta 1) (ENSG00000110841), score: 0.73 PPM1Kprotein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent, 1K (ENSG00000163644), score: 0.69 PPP1R12Bprotein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 12B (ENSG00000077157), score: 0.88 PPP1R14Cprotein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 14C (ENSG00000198729), score: 0.71 PPP1R15Aprotein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 15A (ENSG00000087074), score: 0.71 PPP1R1Cprotein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1C (ENSG00000150722), score: 0.66 PPP1R3Aprotein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 3A (ENSG00000154415), score: 0.97 PPP2R3Aprotein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B'', alpha (ENSG00000073711), score: 0.65 PPTC7PTC7 protein phosphatase homolog (S. cerevisiae) (ENSG00000196850), score: 0.76 PRKAA2protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit (ENSG00000162409), score: 0.74 PRKAG1protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 1 non-catalytic subunit (ENSG00000181929), score: 0.73 PRKAG2protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 2 non-catalytic subunit (ENSG00000106617), score: 0.64 PRKAR1Aprotein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, alpha (tissue specific extinguisher 1) (ENSG00000108946), score: 0.62 PRRX1paired related homeobox 1 (ENSG00000116132), score: 0.64 PTDSS1phosphatidylserine synthase 1 (ENSG00000156471), score: 0.7 PTGFRNprostaglandin F2 receptor negative regulator (ENSG00000134247), score: 0.7 PTP4A3protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 3 (ENSG00000184489), score: 0.86 PTPRFprotein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, F (ENSG00000142949), score: -0.73 PTPRMprotein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, M (ENSG00000173482), score: 0.72 PTRFpolymerase I and transcript release factor (ENSG00000177469), score: 0.78 PYGMphosphorylase, glycogen, muscle (ENSG00000068976), score: 0.65 RASSF3Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 3 (ENSG00000153179), score: 0.78 RBM20RNA binding motif protein 20 (ENSG00000203867), score: 0.88 RBM24RNA binding motif protein 24 (ENSG00000112183), score: 0.88 RBM38RNA binding motif protein 38 (ENSG00000132819), score: 0.7 RBPMS2RNA binding protein with multiple splicing 2 (ENSG00000166831), score: 0.77 RCSD1RCSD domain containing 1 (ENSG00000198771), score: 0.65 RGS5regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (ENSG00000143248), score: 0.65 RGS9BPregulator of G protein signaling 9 binding protein (ENSG00000186326), score: 0.75 RHOJras homolog gene family, member J (ENSG00000126785), score: 0.69 RILPL1Rab interacting lysosomal protein-like 1 (ENSG00000188026), score: 0.72 RNF115ring finger protein 115 (ENSG00000121848), score: 0.71 RPL3Lribosomal protein L3-like (ENSG00000140986), score: 0.95 RRADRas-related associated with diabetes (ENSG00000166592), score: 0.76 RYR2ryanodine receptor 2 (cardiac) (ENSG00000198626), score: 0.77 SBK2SH3-binding domain kinase family, member 2 (ENSG00000187550), score: 0.63 SCARA5scavenger receptor class A, member 5 (putative) (ENSG00000168079), score: 0.71 SCN7Asodium channel, voltage-gated, type VII, alpha (ENSG00000136546), score: 0.78 SDPRserum deprivation response (ENSG00000168497), score: 0.67 SEC23BSec23 homolog B (S. cerevisiae) (ENSG00000101310), score: -0.68 SGCAsarcoglycan, alpha (50kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein) (ENSG00000108823), score: 0.83 SGCDsarcoglycan, delta (35kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein) (ENSG00000170624), score: 0.91 SGCGsarcoglycan, gamma (35kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein) (ENSG00000102683), score: 0.93 SIPA1L1signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 like 1 (ENSG00000197555), score: -0.82 SIX2SIX homeobox 2 (ENSG00000170577), score: 0.68 SLBPstem-loop binding protein (ENSG00000163950), score: -0.67 SLC16A1solute carrier family 16, member 1 (monocarboxylic acid transporter 1) (ENSG00000155380), score: 0.69 SLC22A23solute carrier family 22, member 23 (ENSG00000137266), score: -0.69 SLC25A17solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; peroxisomal membrane protein, 34kDa), member 17 (ENSG00000100372), score: -0.76 SLC25A22solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier: glutamate), member 22 (ENSG00000177542), score: -0.68 SLC25A24solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; phosphate carrier), member 24 (ENSG00000085491), score: 0.62 SLC25A3solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; phosphate carrier), member 3 (ENSG00000075415), score: 0.76 SLC25A4solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; adenine nucleotide translocator), member 4 (ENSG00000151729), score: 0.9 SLC26A9solute carrier family 26, member 9 (ENSG00000174502), score: 0.75 SLC27A6solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 6 (ENSG00000113396), score: 0.71 SLC29A1solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1 (ENSG00000112759), score: 0.65 SLC2A4solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4 (ENSG00000181856), score: 0.86 SLC35B4solute carrier family 35, member B4 (ENSG00000205060), score: -0.67 SLC41A1solute carrier family 41, member 1 (ENSG00000133065), score: 0.8 SLC4A3solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 3 (ENSG00000114923), score: 0.62 SLC5A1solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 1 (ENSG00000100170), score: 0.76 SLC6A12solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, betaine/GABA), member 12 (ENSG00000111181), score: -0.78 SLC8A1solute carrier family 8 (sodium/calcium exchanger), member 1 (ENSG00000183023), score: 0.8 SLCO5A1solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 5A1 (ENSG00000137571), score: 0.76 SMPXsmall muscle protein, X-linked (ENSG00000091482), score: 0.95 SMTNsmoothelin (ENSG00000183963), score: 0.67 SMYD1SET and MYND domain containing 1 (ENSG00000115593), score: 0.96 SMYD2SET and MYND domain containing 2 (ENSG00000143499), score: 0.71 SORBS1sorbin and SH3 domain containing 1 (ENSG00000095637), score: 0.75 SORBS2sorbin and SH3 domain containing 2 (ENSG00000154556), score: 0.79 SOX17SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 17 (ENSG00000164736), score: 0.72 SPAG7sperm associated antigen 7 (ENSG00000091640), score: 0.71 SPINT2serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type, 2 (ENSG00000167642), score: -0.71 SPTBN2spectrin, beta, non-erythrocytic 2 (ENSG00000173898), score: -0.79 SQLEsqualene epoxidase (ENSG00000104549), score: -0.7 SRFserum response factor (c-fos serum response element-binding transcription factor) (ENSG00000112658), score: 0.79 SRLsarcalumenin (ENSG00000185739), score: 0.93 STK38Lserine/threonine kinase 38 like (ENSG00000211455), score: 0.73 STX11syntaxin 11 (ENSG00000135604), score: 0.69 SYNMsynemin, intermediate filament protein (ENSG00000182253), score: 0.77 SYNPO2synaptopodin 2 (ENSG00000172403), score: 0.79 SYNPO2Lsynaptopodin 2-like (ENSG00000166317), score: 0.92 TACC2transforming, acidic coiled-coil containing protein 2 (ENSG00000138162), score: 0.71 TANC1tetratricopeptide repeat, ankyrin repeat and coiled-coil containing 1 (ENSG00000115183), score: 0.69 TAX1BP3Tax1 (human T-cell leukemia virus type I) binding protein 3 (ENSG00000213977), score: 0.63 TBX18T-box 18 (ENSG00000112837), score: 0.75 TBX20T-box 20 (ENSG00000164532), score: 0.96 TBX5T-box 5 (ENSG00000089225), score: 0.96 TCAPtitin-cap (telethonin) (ENSG00000173991), score: 0.92 TEAD1TEA domain family member 1 (SV40 transcriptional enhancer factor) (ENSG00000187079), score: 0.67 TEAD2TEA domain family member 2 (ENSG00000074219), score: 0.65 TECRLtrans-2,3-enoyl-CoA reductase-like (ENSG00000205678), score: 0.97 THBS4thrombospondin 4 (ENSG00000113296), score: 0.77 TLL2tolloid-like 2 (ENSG00000095587), score: 0.74 TMEM143transmembrane protein 143 (ENSG00000161558), score: 0.62 TMEM159transmembrane protein 159 (ENSG00000011638), score: 0.71 TMEM182transmembrane protein 182 (ENSG00000170417), score: 0.88 TMEM71transmembrane protein 71 (ENSG00000165071), score: 0.68 TMOD1tropomodulin 1 (ENSG00000136842), score: 0.72 TNFRSF19tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 19 (ENSG00000127863), score: 0.66 TNNC1troponin C type 1 (slow) (ENSG00000114854), score: 0.89 TNNI3troponin I type 3 (cardiac) (ENSG00000129991), score: 0.92 TNNI3KTNNI3 interacting kinase (ENSG00000116783), score: 0.85 TNNT1troponin T type 1 (skeletal, slow) (ENSG00000105048), score: 0.79 TNNT2troponin T type 2 (cardiac) (ENSG00000118194), score: 0.89 TNNT3troponin T type 3 (skeletal, fast) (ENSG00000130595), score: 0.69 TNS1tensin 1 (ENSG00000079308), score: 0.72 TOR2Atorsin family 2, member A (ENSG00000160404), score: -0.67 TPM1tropomyosin 1 (alpha) (ENSG00000140416), score: 0.92 TRAF4TNF receptor-associated factor 4 (ENSG00000076604), score: -0.69 TRAK2trafficking protein, kinesin binding 2 (ENSG00000115993), score: 0.69 TRDNtriadin (ENSG00000186439), score: 0.93 TRIM54tripartite motif-containing 54 (ENSG00000138100), score: 0.85 TRIM55tripartite motif-containing 55 (ENSG00000147573), score: 0.74 TRIM63tripartite motif-containing 63 (ENSG00000158022), score: 0.92 TSTD2thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (rhodanese)-like domain containing 2 (ENSG00000136925), score: 0.75 TXLNBtaxilin beta (ENSG00000164440), score: 0.9 UBA3ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 3 (ENSG00000144744), score: 0.65 UBAC1UBA domain containing 1 (ENSG00000130560), score: 0.66 UBE2Bubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2B (RAD6 homolog) (ENSG00000119048), score: 0.68 UNC13Dunc-13 homolog D (C. elegans) (ENSG00000092929), score: 0.68 UNC45Bunc-45 homolog B (C. elegans) (ENSG00000141161), score: 0.93 UQCCubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex chaperone (ENSG00000101019), score: 0.74 UQCRC1ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein I (ENSG00000010256), score: 0.79 UQCRC2ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein II (ENSG00000140740), score: 0.82 USP28ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 (ENSG00000048028), score: 0.77 VCLvinculin (ENSG00000035403), score: 0.73 VDAC3voltage-dependent anion channel 3 (ENSG00000078668), score: 0.71 VIPR2vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (ENSG00000106018), score: 0.78 VITvitrin (ENSG00000205221), score: 0.64 VWFvon Willebrand factor (ENSG00000110799), score: 0.76 WNT11wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 11 (ENSG00000085741), score: 0.68 WWC1WW and C2 domain containing 1 (ENSG00000113645), score: -0.68 WWC3WWC family member 3 (ENSG00000047644), score: 0.69 XIRP1xin actin-binding repeat containing 1 (ENSG00000168334), score: 0.97 ZAKsterile alpha motif and leucine zipper containing kinase AZK (ENSG00000091436), score: 0.88 ZNF330zinc finger protein 330 (ENSG00000109445), score: 0.74 ZNF366zinc finger protein 366 (ENSG00000178175), score: 0.66
| Id | species | tissue | sex | individual |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mml_ht_m_ca1 | mml | ht | m | _ |
| ggo_ht_m_ca1 | ggo | ht | m | _ |
| hsa_ht_f_ca1 | hsa | ht | f | _ |
| hsa_ht_m2_ca1 | hsa | ht | m | 2 |
| ppy_ht_f_ca1 | ppy | ht | f | _ |
| ptr_ht_f_ca1 | ptr | ht | f | _ |
| hsa_ht_m1_ca1 | hsa | ht | m | 1 |
| ppa_ht_f_ca1 | ppa | ht | f | _ |
| ppy_ht_m_ca1 | ppy | ht | m | _ |
| mml_ht_f_ca1 | mml | ht | f | _ |
| ggo_ht_f_ca1 | ggo | ht | f | _ |
| ptr_ht_m_ca1 | ptr | ht | m | _ |
