Under-expression is coded with green,
over-expression with red color.
angiogenesis
Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.
blood vessel development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
vasculature development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
heart looping
The characteristic morphogenetic movements where the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration.
morphogenesis of an epithelium
The process by which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.
heart morphogenesis
The developmental process by which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
system process
A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective.
skeletal muscle contraction
A process whereby force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control.
muscle system process
A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers.
circulatory system process
A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism.
heart process
A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
embryonic heart tube morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
cardiac chamber development
The progression of a cardiac chamber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
cardiac chamber morphogenesis
The process by which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
cardiac chamber formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
cardiac ventricle morphogenesis
The process by which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
cardiac ventricle formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of ventricular cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
cardiac ventricle development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
muscle contraction
A process whereby force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis.
actin cytoskeleton organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
cytoskeleton organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
generation of precursor metabolites and energy
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
oxidation reduction
The process of removal or addition of one or more electrons with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons.
respiratory electron transport chain
A process whereby a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
oxidative phosphorylation
The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis.
mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone
The transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex I.
electron transport chain
A process whereby a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
regulation of nucleotide metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.
purine nucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
purine nucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
nucleoside phosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any phosphorylated nucleoside.
ATP biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
phosphorus metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus, usually in the form of a phosphate group (PO4).
phosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid.
nitrogen compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds; includes nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, assimilatory/dissimilatory nitrate reduction and the interconversion of nitrogenous organic matter and ammonium.
transport
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.
ion transport
The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.
cation transport
The directed movement of cations, atoms or small molecules with a net positive charge, into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.
hydrogen transport
The directed movement of hydrogen (H2 or H+), into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.
mitochondrial transport
Transport of substances into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
regulation of muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.
striated muscle contraction
A process whereby force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope.
regulation of striated muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.
organelle organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
multicellular organismal development
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
anatomical structure morphogenesis
The process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
embryo development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.
organ morphogenesis
Morphogenesis of an organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
heart development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
adult heart development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
muscle organ development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work.
blood circulation
The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products.
regulation of heart contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process by which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
biological_process
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
actin filament-based movement
Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins.
catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism.
biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones.
aerobic respiration
The enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which requires oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor.
nucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
purine ribonucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
nucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
nucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
ribonucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
regulation of catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.
cellular process
Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
cellular component assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component.
anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis
The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression.
striated muscle tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. Skeletal muscle myoblasts fuse to form myotubes and eventually multinucleated muscle fibers. The fusion of cardiac cells is very rare and can only form binucleate cells.
monovalent inorganic cation transport
The directed movement of inorganic cations with a valency of one into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from organic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released.
proton transport
The directed movement of protons (hydrogen ions) into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.
energy coupled proton transport, down electrochemical gradient
The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that provides energy for the synthesis of ATP or GTP.
ATP synthesis coupled proton transport
The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.
cellular component organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.
phosphorylation
The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
regulation of metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
actin filament-based process
Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
muscle filament sliding
The sliding of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other in muscle contraction. This involves a process of interaction of myosin located on a thick filament with actin located on a thin filament. During this process ATP is split and forces are generated.
cell differentiation
The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
myofibril assembly
Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle.
cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport
The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal elements such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell.
regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
actomyosin structure organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin or paramyosin. The myosin may be organized into filaments.
regulation of cellular metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
regulation of cellular catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
multicellular organismal process
Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function.
developmental process
A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition.
positive regulation of ATPase activity
Any process that activates or increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
cellular component morphogenesis
The process by which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.
actin-myosin filament sliding
The sliding movement of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other.
ion transmembrane transport
A process whereby an ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells.
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
embryonic heart tube development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field.
cardiac cell differentiation
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.
tube morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.
tube development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts.
muscle cell differentiation
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell.
ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP.
mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP, as it occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane or chloroplast thylakoid membrane.
mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport
The transport of protons across a mitochondrial membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.
positive regulation of catalytic activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
regulation of ATPase activity
Any process that modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
regulation of system process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.
cellular component biogenesis
The process by which a cellular component is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component.
positive regulation of molecular function
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
cellular metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
primary metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
cellular catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
cellular biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
small molecule metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any monomeric molecule of small relative molecular mass.
small molecule catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small molecules, any monomeric molecule of small relative molecular mass.
small molecule biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any monomeric molecule of small relative molecular mass.
sarcomere organization
The myofibril assembly process by which the muscle actomyosin is organized into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
cellular respiration
The enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration).
ATP metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
heterocycle metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).
heterocycle catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).
intracellular transport
The directed movement of substances within a cell.
cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
organ development
Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
blood vessel morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
embryonic morphogenesis
The process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants.
tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.
cardiac muscle tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
anatomical structure development
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
cellular developmental process
A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition.
regulation of biological process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
regulation of catalytic activity
Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.
regulation of cellular process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
multicellular organismal movement
Any physiological process involved in changing the position of a multicellular organism or an anatomical part of a multicellular organism.
musculoskeletal movement
The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system.
striated muscle cell differentiation
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a striated muscle cell; striated muscle fibers are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and voluntary muscle are types of striated muscle.
regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
localization
Any process by which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in a specific location.
establishment of localization
The directed movement of a cell, substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location.
regulation of multicellular organismal process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
regulation of hydrolase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.
positive regulation of hydrolase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.
cellular localization
Any process by which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.
establishment of localization in cell
The directed movement of a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell.
muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate.
striated muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle cells contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle.
cardiac myofibril assembly
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.
cardiac cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac cell is a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.
cardiac muscle cell differentiation
The process whereby a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
atrial cardiac muscle cell differentiation
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell in the atrium. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that receives blood into the organ.
ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.
cardiac muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
atrial cardiac muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrial cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that receives blood into the organ.
ventricular cardiac muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.
transmembrane transport
The process whereby a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other. This process includes the actual movement of the solute, and any regulation and preparatory steps, such as reduction of the solute.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process
The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
heart contraction
The multicellular organismal process by which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
cardiac muscle contraction
Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue.
muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of muscle tissue are generated and organized. Muscle tissue consists of a set of cells that are part of an organ and carry out a contractive function. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
epithelium development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.
muscle tissue development
The progression of muscle tissue over time, from its initial formation to its mature state. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers.
epithelial tube morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.
muscle structure development
The progression of a muscle structure over time, from its formation to its mature state. Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms.
biological regulation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any biological process, quality or function.
regulation of molecular function
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
actin-mediated cell contraction
The actin filament-based process by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of all or part of the cell body.
regulation of primary metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
regulation of muscle system process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a muscle system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in a muscle system.
all
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cellular metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
organelle organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
multicellular organismal development
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
cellular developmental process
A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition.
cellular component assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component.
regulation of metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
regulation of cellular process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
regulation of multicellular organismal process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
establishment of localization
The directed movement of a cell, substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location.
cellular localization
Any process by which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.
regulation of biological process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
regulation of catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.
regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
regulation of cellular metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells.
cellular catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
cellular biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
regulation of primary metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
small molecule catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small molecules, any monomeric molecule of small relative molecular mass.
small molecule biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any monomeric molecule of small relative molecular mass.
cellular component morphogenesis
The process by which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
regulation of cellular metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
establishment of localization in cell
The directed movement of a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell.
cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis
The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression.
embryo development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.
regulation of system process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.
anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
cellular component morphogenesis
The process by which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
embryonic morphogenesis
The process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants.
cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis
The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression.
anatomical structure morphogenesis
The process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
tube development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts.
cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.
transmembrane transport
The process whereby a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other. This process includes the actual movement of the solute, and any regulation and preparatory steps, such as reduction of the solute.
intracellular transport
The directed movement of substances within a cell.
regulation of catalytic activity
Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
regulation of cellular catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
regulation of cellular catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
electron transport chain
A process whereby a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
heterocycle catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process
The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
actin cytoskeleton organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
actin-myosin filament sliding
The sliding movement of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other.
cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
regulation of muscle system process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a muscle system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in a muscle system.
embryonic heart tube development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field.
tube morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.
organ development
Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
cardiac chamber formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
angiogenesis
Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
embryonic heart tube morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
blood vessel morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
cardiac chamber morphogenesis
The process by which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
organ morphogenesis
Morphogenesis of an organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
muscle organ development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work.
muscle cell differentiation
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell.
ion transmembrane transport
A process whereby an ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.
positive regulation of catalytic activity
Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
positive regulation of hydrolase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.
ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP.
purine nucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
myofibril assembly
Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle.
cardiac cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac cell is a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.
muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate.
cardiac muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
ATP synthesis coupled proton transport
The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.
sarcomere organization
The myofibril assembly process by which the muscle actomyosin is organized into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
muscle filament sliding
The sliding of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other in muscle contraction. This involves a process of interaction of myosin located on a thick filament with actin located on a thin filament. During this process ATP is split and forces are generated.
regulation of muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.
heart contraction
The multicellular organismal process by which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
cardiac ventricle formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
embryonic heart tube morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
cardiac chamber morphogenesis
The process by which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
embryonic heart tube morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
heart looping
The characteristic morphogenetic movements where the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration.
epithelial tube morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.
cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
cardiac ventricle morphogenesis
The process by which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
morphogenesis of an epithelium
The process by which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.
blood vessel development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
heart morphogenesis
The developmental process by which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
cardiac chamber development
The progression of a cardiac chamber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
embryonic heart tube development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field.
cardiac cell differentiation
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.
muscle tissue development
The progression of muscle tissue over time, from its initial formation to its mature state. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers.
energy coupled proton transport, down electrochemical gradient
The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that provides energy for the synthesis of ATP or GTP.
actin filament-based movement
Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins.
regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.
purine nucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
positive regulation of ATPase activity
Any process that activates or increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport
The transport of protons across a mitochondrial membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.
respiratory electron transport chain
A process whereby a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
oxidative phosphorylation
The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis.
purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
regulation of nucleotide metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.
purine nucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
nucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
nucleotide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
cardiac muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
striated muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle cells contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle.
cardiac muscle cell differentiation
The process whereby a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
myofibril assembly
Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle.
cardiac myofibril assembly
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.
skeletal muscle contraction
A process whereby force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control.
regulation of striated muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.
regulation of heart contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process by which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
cardiac muscle contraction
Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue.
ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
cardiac muscle tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
cardiac muscle cell differentiation
The process whereby a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
proton transport
The directed movement of protons (hydrogen ions) into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.
mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone
The transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex I.
regulation of ATPase activity
Any process that modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
purine ribonucleotide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
atrial cardiac muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrial cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that receives blood into the organ.
ventricular cardiac muscle cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.
ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process by which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
ATP biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
ATP synthesis coupled proton transport
The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.
plasma membrane
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex
A large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0, V0, or A0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1, V1, or A1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis or hydrolysis. Two major types have been characterized: V-type ATPases couple ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient, whereas F-type ATPases, also known as ATP synthases, normally run in the reverse direction to utilize energy from a proton concentration or electrochemical gradient to synthesize ATP. A third type, A-type ATPases have been found in archaea, and are closely related to eukaryotic V-type ATPases but are reversible.
intracellular
The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
contractile fiber
Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
membrane
Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
mitochondrion
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
extracellular region
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
endoplasmic reticulum
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
cellular_component
The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together.
proteinaceous extracellular matrix
A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.
cell
The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
cytoplasm
All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
mitochondrial envelope
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
mitochondrial inner membrane
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.
mitochondrial respiratory chain
The protein complexes that form the mitochondrial electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I
A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone.
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III
A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1.
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex
A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the mitochondrial membrane.
endoplasmic reticulum lumen
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
cytoskeleton
Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
troponin complex
A complex of accessory proteins (typically troponin T, troponin I and troponin C) found associated with actin in muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation of muscle contraction.
striated muscle thin filament
Filaments formed of actin and associated proteins; attached to Z discs at either end of sarcomeres in myofibrils.
cell-cell junction
A cell junction that forms a connection between two cells; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.
adherens junction
A cell junction at which anchoring proteins (cadherins or integrins) extend through the plasma membrane and are attached to actin filaments.
cell-substrate adherens junction
An adherens junction which connects a cell to the extracellular matrix.
actin cytoskeleton
The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.
dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex
A multiprotein complex that forms a strong mechanical link between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix; typical of, but not confined to, muscle cells. The complex is composed of transmembrane, cytoplasmic, and extracellular proteins, including dystrophin, sarcoglycans, dystroglycan, dystrobrevins, syntrophins, sarcospan, caveolin-3, and NO synthase.
basolateral plasma membrane
The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.
myosin complex
A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes.
sarcoplasm
The cytoplasm of a muscle cell; includes the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
sarcoplasmic reticulum
A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell; continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope; that part of the endoplasmic reticulum specialized for calcium release, uptake and storage.
organelle inner membrane
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope; usually highly selective to most ions and metabolites.
myofibril
The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.
sarcomere
The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
Z disc
Platelike region of a muscle sarcomere to which the plus ends of actin filaments are attached.
cell junction
A plasma membrane part that forms a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.
cell-substrate junction
A cell junction that forms a connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
NADH dehydrogenase complex
An integral membrane complex that possesses NADH oxidoreductase activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It catalyzes the transfer of a pair of electrons from NADH to a quinone.
extracellular matrix
A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals) or be part of the cell (as in plants).
organelle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding an organelle.
A band
The dark-staining region of a sarcomere, in which myosin thick filaments are present; the center is traversed by the paler H zone, which in turn contains the M line.
I band
A region of a sarcomere that appears as a light band on each side of the Z disc, comprising a region of the sarcomere where thin (actin) filaments are not overlapped by thick (myosin) filaments; contains actin, troponin, and tropomyosin; each sarcomere includes half of an I band at each end.
mitochondrial membrane
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
organelle envelope
A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes.
membrane-enclosed lumen
The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen.
envelope
A multilayered structure surrounding all or part of a cell; encompasses one or more lipid bilayers, and may include a cell wall layer; also includes the space between layers.
macromolecular complex
A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which the constituent parts function together.
sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.
membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
non-membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
intracellular organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
organelle lumen
The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen.
protein complex
Any macromolecular complex composed of two or more polypeptide subunits, which may or may not be identical. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleotides, metal ions or other small molecules.
extracellular region part
Any constituent part of the extracellular region, the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers constituent parts of the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
organelle part
Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane.
intracellular part
Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
membrane part
Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
mitochondrial part
Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
cytoskeletal part
Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice.
endoplasmic reticulum part
Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae.
cytoplasmic part
Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
intracellular organelle part
A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane.
contractile fiber part
Any constituent part of a contractile fiber, a fiber composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
mitochondrial membrane part
Any constituent part of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
plasma membrane part
Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
cell part
Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex
A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.
respiratory chain complex I
Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain. It consists of at least 34 polypeptide chains and is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex.
respiratory chain complex III
A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
intracellular organelle lumen
An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle.
anchoring junction
A cell junction that mechanically attaches a cell (and its cytoskeleton) to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix.
respiratory chain
The protein complexes that form the electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with a cell membrane, usually the plasma membrane (in prokaryotes) or the inner mitochondrial membrane (on eukaryotes). The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
subsynaptic reticulum
An elaborate tubulolamellar membrane system that underlies the postsynaptic cell membrane.
all
NA
extracellular region part
Any constituent part of the extracellular region, the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers constituent parts of the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
cell part
Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
organelle part
Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane.
organelle lumen
The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen.
organelle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding an organelle.
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
intracellular organelle part
A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane.
organelle envelope
A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes.
intracellular organelle lumen
An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle.
troponin complex
A complex of accessory proteins (typically troponin T, troponin I and troponin C) found associated with actin in muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation of muscle contraction.
intracellular part
Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
organelle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding an organelle.
membrane part
Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
organelle envelope
A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes.
organelle inner membrane
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope; usually highly selective to most ions and metabolites.
NADH dehydrogenase complex
An integral membrane complex that possesses NADH oxidoreductase activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It catalyzes the transfer of a pair of electrons from NADH to a quinone.
intracellular organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
intracellular organelle part
A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane.
respiratory chain complex III
A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex
A large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0, V0, or A0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1, V1, or A1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis or hydrolysis. Two major types have been characterized: V-type ATPases couple ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient, whereas F-type ATPases, also known as ATP synthases, normally run in the reverse direction to utilize energy from a proton concentration or electrochemical gradient to synthesize ATP. A third type, A-type ATPases have been found in archaea, and are closely related to eukaryotic V-type ATPases but are reversible.
NADH dehydrogenase complex
An integral membrane complex that possesses NADH oxidoreductase activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It catalyzes the transfer of a pair of electrons from NADH to a quinone.
respiratory chain complex III
A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex
A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.
organelle inner membrane
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope; usually highly selective to most ions and metabolites.
mitochondrial inner membrane
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.
mitochondrial membrane part
Any constituent part of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
mitochondrial envelope
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
mitochondrial membrane
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
mitochondrial membrane part
Any constituent part of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
troponin complex
A complex of accessory proteins (typically troponin T, troponin I and troponin C) found associated with actin in muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation of muscle contraction.
striated muscle thin filament
Filaments formed of actin and associated proteins; attached to Z discs at either end of sarcomeres in myofibrils.
myosin complex
A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes.
endoplasmic reticulum lumen
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
troponin complex
A complex of accessory proteins (typically troponin T, troponin I and troponin C) found associated with actin in muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation of muscle contraction.
striated muscle thin filament
Filaments formed of actin and associated proteins; attached to Z discs at either end of sarcomeres in myofibrils.
A band
The dark-staining region of a sarcomere, in which myosin thick filaments are present; the center is traversed by the paler H zone, which in turn contains the M line.
I band
A region of a sarcomere that appears as a light band on each side of the Z disc, comprising a region of the sarcomere where thin (actin) filaments are not overlapped by thick (myosin) filaments; contains actin, troponin, and tropomyosin; each sarcomere includes half of an I band at each end.
Z disc
Platelike region of a muscle sarcomere to which the plus ends of actin filaments are attached.
plasma membrane part
Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
cytoplasmic part
Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
contractile fiber
Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
mitochondrion
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
endoplasmic reticulum
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
mitochondrial part
Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
endoplasmic reticulum part
Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae.
contractile fiber part
Any constituent part of a contractile fiber, a fiber composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
subsynaptic reticulum
An elaborate tubulolamellar membrane system that underlies the postsynaptic cell membrane.
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III
A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1.
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex
A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the mitochondrial membrane.
dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex
A multiprotein complex that forms a strong mechanical link between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix; typical of, but not confined to, muscle cells. The complex is composed of transmembrane, cytoplasmic, and extracellular proteins, including dystrophin, sarcoglycans, dystroglycan, dystrobrevins, syntrophins, sarcospan, caveolin-3, and NO synthase.
mitochondrial respiratory chain
The protein complexes that form the mitochondrial electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
respiratory chain complex I
Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain. It consists of at least 34 polypeptide chains and is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex.
respiratory chain complex III
A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I
A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone.
mitochondrial membrane
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
mitochondrial part
Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
endoplasmic reticulum part
Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae.
sarcoplasmic reticulum
A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell; continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope; that part of the endoplasmic reticulum specialized for calcium release, uptake and storage.
endoplasmic reticulum part
Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae.
contractile fiber part
Any constituent part of a contractile fiber, a fiber composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
cytoskeletal part
Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice.
mitochondrial respiratory chain
The protein complexes that form the mitochondrial electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex
A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the mitochondrial membrane.
sarcoplasmic reticulum
A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell; continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope; that part of the endoplasmic reticulum specialized for calcium release, uptake and storage.
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I
A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone.
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III
A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1.
cell-substrate junction
A cell junction that forms a connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
sarcomere
The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
striated muscle thin filament
Filaments formed of actin and associated proteins; attached to Z discs at either end of sarcomeres in myofibrils.
myosin complex
A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes.
cell-substrate adherens junction
An adherens junction which connects a cell to the extracellular matrix.
protein binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
molecular_function
Elemental activities, such as catalysis or binding, describing the actions of a gene product at the molecular level. A given gene product may exhibit one or more molecular functions.
actin binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments.
catalytic activity
Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
NADH dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + acceptor = NAD+ + reduced acceptor.
cytochrome-c oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4 ferrocytochrome c + O2 + 4 H+ = 4 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O.
structural molecule activity
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex or assembly within or outside a cell.
transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells.
transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a substance from one side of a membrane to the other.
binding
The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
tropomyosin binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tropomyosin, a protein associated with actin filaments both in cytoplasm and, in association with troponin, in the thin filament of striated muscle.
oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
cytoskeletal protein binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein component of any cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).
ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: CoQH2 + 2 ferricytochrome c = CoQ + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+.
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + ubiquinone = NAD+ + ubiquinol.
structural constituent of muscle
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a muscle fiber.
cation transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the transfer of cation from one side of the membrane to the other.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
heme-copper terminal oxidase activity
Catalysis of the four-electron reduction of dioxygen (O2) to water, coupled to generation of a proton electrochemical gradient across a membrane.
ion transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other.
monovalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a inorganic cations with a valency of one from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
hydrogen ion transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the transfer of hydrogen ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH, quinone or similar compound as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or a similar acceptor molecule.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on heme group of donors
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a heme group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on heme group of donors, oxygen as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a heme group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol or related substance acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, cytochrome as acceptor
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.
inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity
Catalysis of the transfer of inorganic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a specific substance or group of related substances from one side of a membrane to the other.
substrate-specific transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of a specific substance or group of related substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells.
troponin C binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with troponin C, the calcium-binding subunit of the troponin complex.
troponin I binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with troponin I, the inhibitory subunit of the troponin complex.
troponin T binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with troponin T, the tropomyosin-binding subunit of the troponin complex.
titin binding
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with titin, any of a family of giant proteins found in striated and smooth muscle. In striated muscle, single titin molecules span half the sarcomere, with their N- and C-termini in the Z-disc and M-line, respectively.
NADH dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + a quinone = NAD+ + a quinol.
all
NA
substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of a specific substance or group of related substances from one side of a membrane to the other.
NADH dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + a quinone = NAD+ + a quinol.
cytochrome-c oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4 ferrocytochrome c + O2 + 4 H+ = 4 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O.
cytochrome-c oxidase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 4 ferrocytochrome c + O2 + 4 H+ = 4 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O.
ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: CoQH2 + 2 ferricytochrome c = CoQ + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+.
| Id | Pvalue | ExpCount | Count | Size | Term |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 05012 | 1.982e-18 | 2.815 | 28 | 72 | Parkinson's disease |
| 00190 | 9.209e-18 | 2.972 | 28 | 76 | Oxidative phosphorylation |
| 04260 | 6.379e-14 | 2.072 | 21 | 53 | Cardiac muscle contraction |
| 05016 | 4.861e-12 | 4.262 | 26 | 109 | Huntington's disease |
| 05010 | 9.856e-11 | 4.106 | 24 | 105 | Alzheimer's disease |
| 05414 | 1.277e-08 | 2.815 | 18 | 72 | Dilated cardiomyopathy |
| 05410 | 2.615e-06 | 2.698 | 15 | 69 | Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) |
| 01100 | 2.170e-04 | 31.48 | 55 | 805 | Metabolic pathways |
| 05412 | 1.044e-02 | 2.346 | 9 | 60 | Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) |
| 00020 | 2.116e-02 | 0.8212 | 5 | 21 | Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) |
| 04510 | 2.614e-02 | 6.296 | 15 | 161 | Focal adhesion |
AAGABalpha- and gamma-adaptin binding protein (ENSG00000103591), score: -0.54 ABRAactin-binding Rho activating protein (ENSG00000174429), score: 0.5 ACSS1acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 1 (ENSG00000154930), score: 0.49 ACTC1actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1 (ENSG00000159251), score: 0.56 ACTN2actinin, alpha 2 (ENSG00000077522), score: 0.53 ADAM15ADAM metallopeptidase domain 15 (ENSG00000143537), score: 0.46 ADAMTS15ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 15 (ENSG00000166106), score: 0.47 ADAMTSL5ADAMTS-like 5 (ENSG00000185761), score: 0.54 ADCY4adenylate cyclase 4 (ENSG00000129467), score: 0.49 ADCY6adenylate cyclase 6 (ENSG00000174233), score: 0.46 ADSSL1adenylosuccinate synthase like 1 (ENSG00000185100), score: 0.52 AFAP1L1actin filament associated protein 1-like 1 (ENSG00000157510), score: 0.53 AFG3L2AFG3 ATPase family gene 3-like 2 (S. cerevisiae) (ENSG00000141385), score: 0.49 AFTPHaftiphilin (ENSG00000119844), score: -0.51 AGPAT51-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 5 (lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, epsilon) (ENSG00000155189), score: -0.62 AK1adenylate kinase 1 (ENSG00000106992), score: 0.5 ALDOAaldolase A, fructose-bisphosphate (ENSG00000149925), score: 0.46 ALPK3alpha-kinase 3 (ENSG00000136383), score: 0.5 ANAPC16anaphase promoting complex subunit 16 (ENSG00000166295), score: 0.47 ANGPTL2angiopoietin-like 2 (ENSG00000136859), score: 0.55 ANKRD1ankyrin repeat domain 1 (cardiac muscle) (ENSG00000148677), score: 0.6 ANKRD2ankyrin repeat domain 2 (stretch responsive muscle) (ENSG00000165887), score: 0.54 ANXA3annexin A3 (ENSG00000138772), score: 0.51 AP1ARadaptor-related protein complex 1 associated regulatory protein (ENSG00000138660), score: -0.56 APOBEC2apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 2 (ENSG00000124701), score: 0.55 ARHGAP10Rho GTPase activating protein 10 (ENSG00000071205), score: 0.52 ARHGAP31Rho GTPase activating protein 31 (ENSG00000031081), score: 0.48 ARHGDIGRho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) gamma (ENSG00000167930), score: 0.45 ARHGEF15Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 15 (ENSG00000198844), score: 0.5 ARNTLaryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like (ENSG00000133794), score: -0.49 ART1ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 (ENSG00000129744), score: 0.77 ASB11ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing 11 (ENSG00000165192), score: 0.52 ASB2ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing 2 (ENSG00000100628), score: 0.5 ATP5A1ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1, cardiac muscle (ENSG00000152234), score: 0.46 ATP5DATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, delta subunit (ENSG00000099624), score: 0.55 ATP6ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 (ENSG00000198899), score: 0.52 ATPAF1ATP synthase mitochondrial F1 complex assembly factor 1 (ENSG00000123472), score: 0.47 AZI25-azacytidine induced 2 (ENSG00000163512), score: -0.51 BCAT2branched chain amino-acid transaminase 2, mitochondrial (ENSG00000105552), score: 0.47 BCL6BB-cell CLL/lymphoma 6, member B (ENSG00000161940), score: 0.52 BCS1LBCS1-like (S. cerevisiae) (ENSG00000074582), score: 0.55 BSGbasigin (Ok blood group) (ENSG00000172270), score: 0.54 C10orf128chromosome 10 open reading frame 128 (ENSG00000204161), score: 0.5 C10orf71chromosome 10 open reading frame 71 (ENSG00000177354), score: 0.67 C10orf76chromosome 10 open reading frame 76 (ENSG00000120029), score: 0.82 C11orf67chromosome 11 open reading frame 67 (ENSG00000087884), score: 0.51 C14orf159chromosome 14 open reading frame 159 (ENSG00000133943), score: 0.55 C14orf180chromosome 14 open reading frame 180 (ENSG00000184601), score: 0.6 C15orf41chromosome 15 open reading frame 41 (ENSG00000186073), score: 0.59 C15orf52chromosome 15 open reading frame 52 (ENSG00000188549), score: 0.56 C1QTNF2C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 2 (ENSG00000145861), score: 0.49 C22orf25chromosome 22 open reading frame 25 (ENSG00000183597), score: 0.45 C3orf1chromosome 3 open reading frame 1 (ENSG00000113845), score: 0.49 C3orf45chromosome 3 open reading frame 45 (ENSG00000179564), score: 0.47 C6orf62chromosome 6 open reading frame 62 (ENSG00000112308), score: -0.54 C9orf3chromosome 9 open reading frame 3 (ENSG00000148120), score: 0.46 CA14carbonic anhydrase XIV (ENSG00000118298), score: 0.5 CAND1cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 1 (ENSG00000111530), score: -0.51 CASQ2calsequestrin 2 (cardiac muscle) (ENSG00000118729), score: 0.57 CAV1caveolin 1, caveolae protein, 22kDa (ENSG00000105974), score: 0.47 CAV3caveolin 3 (ENSG00000182533), score: 0.6 CCDC12coiled-coil domain containing 12 (ENSG00000160799), score: 0.52 CCDC141coiled-coil domain containing 141 (ENSG00000163492), score: 0.47 CCDC8coiled-coil domain containing 8 (ENSG00000169515), score: 0.5 CCDC80coiled-coil domain containing 80 (ENSG00000091986), score: 0.49 CCDC93coiled-coil domain containing 93 (ENSG00000125633), score: 0.49 CD207CD207 molecule, langerin (ENSG00000116031), score: 0.65 CDC42SE2CDC42 small effector 2 (ENSG00000158985), score: -0.5 CDH2cadherin 2, type 1, N-cadherin (neuronal) (ENSG00000170558), score: 0.5 CDH5cadherin 5, type 2 (vascular endothelium) (ENSG00000179776), score: 0.54 CDSNcorneodesmosin (ENSG00000204539), score: 0.69 CHKBcholine kinase beta (ENSG00000205560), score: 0.49 CHPFchondroitin polymerizing factor (ENSG00000123989), score: 0.46 CHRNA10cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 10 (ENSG00000129749), score: 0.62 CKMcreatine kinase, muscle (ENSG00000104879), score: 0.56 CKMT2creatine kinase, mitochondrial 2 (sarcomeric) (ENSG00000131730), score: 0.56 CLEC3BC-type lectin domain family 3, member B (ENSG00000163815), score: 0.46 CLEC4FC-type lectin domain family 4, member F (ENSG00000152672), score: 0.96 CLTCclathrin, heavy chain (Hc) (ENSG00000141367), score: -0.51 CMYA5cardiomyopathy associated 5 (ENSG00000164309), score: 0.5 CNN1calponin 1, basic, smooth muscle (ENSG00000130176), score: 0.47 COL15A1collagen, type XV, alpha 1 (ENSG00000204291), score: 0.5 COQ9coenzyme Q9 homolog (S. cerevisiae) (ENSG00000088682), score: 0.49 COX1cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (ENSG00000198804), score: 0.49 COX3cytochrome c oxidase III (ENSG00000198938), score: 0.55 COX4I1cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1 (ENSG00000131143), score: 0.59 COX6A2cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIa polypeptide 2 (ENSG00000156885), score: 0.64 COX7A1cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 1 (muscle) (ENSG00000161281), score: 0.52 COX8Acytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIIA (ubiquitous) (ENSG00000176340), score: 0.5 CPSF4Lcleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 4-like (ENSG00000187959), score: 0.47 CPXM1carboxypeptidase X (M14 family), member 1 (ENSG00000088882), score: 0.45 CScitrate synthase (ENSG00000062485), score: 0.48 CSPG4chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (ENSG00000173546), score: 0.5 CSRP3cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 (cardiac LIM protein) (ENSG00000129170), score: 0.58 CUEDC2CUE domain containing 2 (ENSG00000107874), score: 0.48 CXorf64chromosome X open reading frame 64 (ENSG00000183631), score: 0.57 CYB5R1cytochrome b5 reductase 1 (ENSG00000159348), score: 0.51 CYB5R3cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (ENSG00000100243), score: 0.47 CYC1cytochrome c-1 (ENSG00000179091), score: 0.62 CYTBcytochrome b (ENSG00000198727), score: 0.48 CYYR1cysteine/tyrosine-rich 1 (ENSG00000166265), score: 0.58 DAND5DAN domain family, member 5 (ENSG00000179284), score: 0.81 DCAKDdephospho-CoA kinase domain containing (ENSG00000172992), score: 0.47 DCUN1D2DCN1, defective in cullin neddylation 1, domain containing 2 (S. cerevisiae) (ENSG00000150401), score: 0.45 DENND4ADENN/MADD domain containing 4A (ENSG00000174485), score: -0.52 DMPKdystrophia myotonica-protein kinase (ENSG00000104936), score: 0.56 DOK7docking protein 7 (ENSG00000175920), score: 0.56 DPTdermatopontin (ENSG00000143196), score: 0.46 DUPD1dual specificity phosphatase and pro isomerase domain containing 1 (ENSG00000188716), score: 0.46 DUSP13dual specificity phosphatase 13 (ENSG00000079393), score: 0.48 DUSP27dual specificity phosphatase 27 (putative) (ENSG00000198842), score: 0.63 DVL3dishevelled, dsh homolog 3 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000161202), score: 0.53 EFEMP2EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 2 (ENSG00000172638), score: 0.56 EHBP1L1EH domain binding protein 1-like 1 (ENSG00000173442), score: 0.49 EHD2EH-domain containing 2 (ENSG00000024422), score: 0.56 EMILIN3elastin microfibril interfacer 3 (ENSG00000183798), score: 0.47 ENO3enolase 3 (beta, muscle) (ENSG00000108515), score: 0.58 EPT1ethanolaminephosphotransferase 1 (CDP-ethanolamine-specific) (ENSG00000138018), score: -0.54 ERCC1excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 1 (includes overlapping antisense sequence) (ENSG00000012061), score: 0.67 ETNK1ethanolamine kinase 1 (ENSG00000139163), score: -0.5 F8coagulation factor VIII, procoagulant component (ENSG00000185010), score: 0.48 FABP4fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte (ENSG00000170323), score: 0.49 FABP9fatty acid binding protein 9, testis (ENSG00000205186), score: 1 FAM105Afamily with sequence similarity 105, member A (ENSG00000145569), score: -0.49 FAM124Bfamily with sequence similarity 124B (ENSG00000124019), score: 0.57 FAM189A2family with sequence similarity 189, member A2 (ENSG00000135063), score: 0.52 FAM49Bfamily with sequence similarity 49, member B (ENSG00000153310), score: -0.51 FAM54Bfamily with sequence similarity 54, member B (ENSG00000117640), score: 0.54 FBLN2fibulin 2 (ENSG00000163520), score: 0.49 FBN1fibrillin 1 (ENSG00000166147), score: 0.47 FBXL7F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 7 (ENSG00000183580), score: 0.46 FBXO18F-box protein, helicase, 18 (ENSG00000134452), score: 0.47 FBXO40F-box protein 40 (ENSG00000163833), score: 0.49 FBXW4F-box and WD repeat domain containing 4 (ENSG00000107829), score: 0.47 FGF18fibroblast growth factor 18 (ENSG00000156427), score: 0.57 FGFR2fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (ENSG00000066468), score: -0.5 FHL2four and a half LIM domains 2 (ENSG00000115641), score: 0.57 FIGFc-fos induced growth factor (vascular endothelial growth factor D) (ENSG00000165197), score: 0.5 FILIP1filamin A interacting protein 1 (ENSG00000118407), score: 0.5 FKBP9FK506 binding protein 9, 63 kDa (ENSG00000122642), score: 0.52 FLNCfilamin C, gamma (ENSG00000128591), score: 0.6 FMO2flavin containing monooxygenase 2 (non-functional) (ENSG00000094963), score: 0.47 FNDC1fibronectin type III domain containing 1 (ENSG00000164694), score: 0.66 FNDC4fibronectin type III domain containing 4 (ENSG00000115226), score: -0.48 FOXS1forkhead box S1 (ENSG00000179772), score: 0.51 FRMD3FERM domain containing 3 (ENSG00000172159), score: 0.55 FSD2fibronectin type III and SPRY domain containing 2 (ENSG00000186628), score: 0.59 FSTL3follistatin-like 3 (secreted glycoprotein) (ENSG00000070404), score: 0.48 FYCO1FYVE and coiled-coil domain containing 1 (ENSG00000163820), score: 0.46 GAB3GRB2-associated binding protein 3 (ENSG00000160219), score: 0.57 GAS6growth arrest-specific 6 (ENSG00000183087), score: 0.48 GATA5GATA binding protein 5 (ENSG00000130700), score: 0.45 GATA6GATA binding protein 6 (ENSG00000141448), score: 0.48 GCOM1GRINL1A complex locus (ENSG00000137878), score: 0.5 GDF3growth differentiation factor 3 (ENSG00000184344), score: 0.5 GIPC3GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 3 (ENSG00000179855), score: 0.63 GLP1Rglucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (ENSG00000112164), score: 0.59 GMPRguanosine monophosphate reductase (ENSG00000137198), score: 0.52 GOLGA7golgin A7 (ENSG00000147533), score: -0.51 GOLT1Bgolgi transport 1B (ENSG00000111711), score: -0.5 GPIHBP1glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored high density lipoprotein binding protein 1 (ENSG00000182851), score: 0.53 GPR146G protein-coupled receptor 146 (ENSG00000164849), score: 0.46 GSDMCgasdermin C (ENSG00000147697), score: 0.68 GUCA1Cguanylate cyclase activator 1C (ENSG00000138472), score: 0.56 GYPCglycophorin C (Gerbich blood group) (ENSG00000136732), score: 0.47 GYS1glycogen synthase 1 (muscle) (ENSG00000104812), score: 0.58 HAND1heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 1 (ENSG00000113196), score: 0.67 HAND2heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 (ENSG00000164107), score: 0.49 HBEGFheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (ENSG00000113070), score: 0.53 HEG1HEG homolog 1 (zebrafish) (ENSG00000173706), score: 0.49 HHATLhedgehog acyltransferase-like (ENSG00000010282), score: 0.52 HHLA1HERV-H LTR-associating 1 (ENSG00000132297), score: 0.63 HIC1hypermethylated in cancer 1 (ENSG00000177374), score: 0.5 HIF3Ahypoxia inducible factor 3, alpha subunit (ENSG00000124440), score: 0.56 HIGD2AHIG1 hypoxia inducible domain family, member 2A (ENSG00000146066), score: 0.46 HIST1H1Dhistone cluster 1, H1d (ENSG00000124575), score: 0.6 HMGCR3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (ENSG00000113161), score: -0.51 HRChistidine rich calcium binding protein (ENSG00000130528), score: 0.6 HSPA12Bheat shock 70kD protein 12B (ENSG00000132622), score: 0.66 HSPA13heat shock protein 70kDa family, member 13 (ENSG00000155304), score: -0.5 HSPB3heat shock 27kDa protein 3 (ENSG00000169271), score: 0.51 HSPB6heat shock protein, alpha-crystallin-related, B6 (ENSG00000004776), score: 0.58 HSPB7heat shock 27kDa protein family, member 7 (cardiovascular) (ENSG00000173641), score: 0.59 HSPB8heat shock 22kDa protein 8 (ENSG00000152137), score: 0.46 HSPG2heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (ENSG00000142798), score: 0.49 HTRA3HtrA serine peptidase 3 (ENSG00000170801), score: 0.51 ICAM4intercellular adhesion molecule 4 (Landsteiner-Wiener blood group) (ENSG00000105371), score: 0.47 IDH2isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial (ENSG00000182054), score: 0.49 IDH3Bisocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) beta (ENSG00000101365), score: 0.61 IGSF5immunoglobulin superfamily, member 5 (ENSG00000183067), score: 0.46 IL17Binterleukin 17B (ENSG00000127743), score: 0.66 IL20RAinterleukin 20 receptor, alpha (ENSG00000016402), score: 0.47 ILKintegrin-linked kinase (ENSG00000166333), score: 0.6 IMMTinner membrane protein, mitochondrial (ENSG00000132305), score: 0.48 IP6K3inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 3 (ENSG00000161896), score: 0.59 IRX3iroquois homeobox 3 (ENSG00000177508), score: 0.46 IRX6iroquois homeobox 6 (ENSG00000159387), score: 0.6 ITGA10integrin, alpha 10 (ENSG00000143127), score: 0.48 ITGA7integrin, alpha 7 (ENSG00000135424), score: 0.51 ITGB1BP2integrin beta 1 binding protein (melusin) 2 (ENSG00000147166), score: 0.55 ITGB1BP3integrin beta 1 binding protein 3 (ENSG00000077009), score: 0.73 JAG2jagged 2 (ENSG00000184916), score: 0.46 JAM2junctional adhesion molecule 2 (ENSG00000154721), score: 0.48 JKAMPJNK1/MAPK8-associated membrane protein (ENSG00000050130), score: -0.5 KAZALD1Kazal-type serine peptidase inhibitor domain 1 (ENSG00000107821), score: 0.6 KBTBD5kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 5 (ENSG00000157119), score: 0.59 KIAA1543KIAA1543 (ENSG00000076826), score: -0.6 KIAA1598KIAA1598 (ENSG00000187164), score: -0.56 KIF1Ckinesin family member 1C (ENSG00000129250), score: 0.45 KLHDC8Bkelch domain containing 8B (ENSG00000185909), score: 0.48 KLHL33kelch-like 33 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000185271), score: 0.51 KLHL38kelch-like 38 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000175946), score: 0.54 KRBA1KRAB-A domain containing 1 (ENSG00000133619), score: 0.47 LAMB2laminin, beta 2 (laminin S) (ENSG00000172037), score: 0.53 LARP4BLa ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 4B (ENSG00000107929), score: 0.56 LBHlimb bud and heart development homolog (mouse) (ENSG00000213626), score: 0.49 LDB3LIM domain binding 3 (ENSG00000122367), score: 0.57 LDLRAD2low density lipoprotein receptor class A domain containing 2 (ENSG00000187942), score: 0.5 LGALS1lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 1 (ENSG00000100097), score: 0.52 LIMS2LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domains 2 (ENSG00000072163), score: 0.55 LMNAlamin A/C (ENSG00000160789), score: 0.46 LMOD2leiomodin 2 (cardiac) (ENSG00000170807), score: 0.58 LMOD3leiomodin 3 (fetal) (ENSG00000163380), score: 0.79 LOC100291405similar to protein tyrosine phosphatase-like A domain containing 1 (ENSG00000074696), score: -0.59 LOC100291671similar to SH3-binding domain and glutamic acid-rich protein (ENSG00000185437), score: 0.48 LOC727947ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase binding protein pseudogene (ENSG00000156467), score: 0.49 LRRC10leucine rich repeat containing 10 (ENSG00000198812), score: 0.62 LRRC14Bleucine rich repeat containing 14B (ENSG00000185028), score: 0.62 LRRC2leucine rich repeat containing 2 (ENSG00000163827), score: 0.47 LRRC39leucine rich repeat containing 39 (ENSG00000122477), score: 0.5 LTBP2latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 2 (ENSG00000119681), score: 0.57 LTBP4latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 4 (ENSG00000090006), score: 0.5 MACROD1MACRO domain containing 1 (ENSG00000133315), score: 0.46 MAF1MAF1 homolog (S. cerevisiae) (ENSG00000179632), score: 0.5 MAFKv-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog K (avian) (ENSG00000198517), score: 0.58 MAGI3membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 3 (ENSG00000081026), score: -0.49 MAL2mal, T-cell differentiation protein 2 (ENSG00000147676), score: -0.53 MALLmal, T-cell differentiation protein-like (ENSG00000144063), score: 0.49 MAP4microtubule-associated protein 4 (ENSG00000047849), score: 0.63 MAP7microtubule-associated protein 7 (ENSG00000135525), score: -0.65 MAPKAPK3mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 3 (ENSG00000114738), score: 0.62 MBmyoglobin (ENSG00000198125), score: 0.61 MCOLN2mucolipin 2 (ENSG00000153898), score: 0.5 MCRS1microspherule protein 1 (ENSG00000187778), score: 0.61 MDH2malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD (mitochondrial) (ENSG00000146701), score: 0.5 MED9mediator complex subunit 9 (ENSG00000141026), score: 0.63 MEOX1mesenchyme homeobox 1 (ENSG00000005102), score: 0.68 MEOX2mesenchyme homeobox 2 (ENSG00000106511), score: 0.5 METTL10methyltransferase like 10 (ENSG00000203791), score: -0.51 MFN2mitofusin 2 (ENSG00000116688), score: 0.47 MITFmicrophthalmia-associated transcription factor (ENSG00000187098), score: 0.45 MLPHmelanophilin (ENSG00000115648), score: 0.51 MLYCDmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase (ENSG00000103150), score: 0.53 MRC2mannose receptor, C type 2 (ENSG00000011028), score: 0.54 MRPL12mitochondrial ribosomal protein L12 (ENSG00000183093), score: 0.51 MRPL21mitochondrial ribosomal protein L21 (ENSG00000197345), score: 0.53 MRPL46mitochondrial ribosomal protein L46 (ENSG00000173867), score: 0.46 MTMR14myotubularin related protein 14 (ENSG00000163719), score: 0.68 MUL1mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (ENSG00000090432), score: 0.54 MUSKmuscle, skeletal, receptor tyrosine kinase (ENSG00000030304), score: 0.48 MXRA5matrix-remodelling associated 5 (ENSG00000101825), score: 0.48 MXRA7matrix-remodelling associated 7 (ENSG00000182534), score: 0.46 MYBPC3myosin binding protein C, cardiac (ENSG00000134571), score: 0.64 MYH7myosin, heavy chain 7, cardiac muscle, beta (ENSG00000092054), score: 0.64 MYL2myosin, light chain 2, regulatory, cardiac, slow (ENSG00000111245), score: 0.62 MYL3myosin, light chain 3, alkali; ventricular, skeletal, slow (ENSG00000160808), score: 0.58 MYL9myosin, light chain 9, regulatory (ENSG00000101335), score: 0.55 MYO18Amyosin XVIIIA (ENSG00000196535), score: 0.47 MYO18Bmyosin XVIIIB (ENSG00000133454), score: 0.6 MYOM2myomesin (M-protein) 2, 165kDa (ENSG00000036448), score: 0.57 MYOM3myomesin family, member 3 (ENSG00000142661), score: 0.52 MYOZ2myozenin 2 (ENSG00000172399), score: 0.54 MYPNmyopalladin (ENSG00000138347), score: 0.56 NCKAP5LNCK-associated protein 5-like (ENSG00000167566), score: 0.53 ND1NADH dehydrogenase, subunit 1 (complex I) (ENSG00000198888), score: 0.47 ND3NADH dehydrogenase, subunit 3 (complex I) (ENSG00000198840), score: 0.48 ND4NADH dehydrogenase, subunit 4 (complex I) (ENSG00000198886), score: 0.49 NDUFA10NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 10, 42kDa (ENSG00000130414), score: 0.49 NDUFA12NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 12 (ENSG00000184752), score: 0.52 NDUFA7NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 7, 14.5kDa (ENSG00000167774), score: 0.6 NDUFA8NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 8, 19kDa (ENSG00000119421), score: 0.49 NDUFB10NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 10, 22kDa (ENSG00000140990), score: 0.61 NDUFS2NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 2, 49kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase) (ENSG00000158864), score: 0.47 NDUFS6NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 6, 13kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase) (ENSG00000145494), score: 0.57 NDUFS8NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 8, 23kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase) (ENSG00000110717), score: 0.65 NDUFV1NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 1, 51kDa (ENSG00000167792), score: 0.49 NEURL1Bneuralized homolog 1B (Drosophila) (ENSG00000214357), score: 0.53 NFE2L1nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 1 (ENSG00000082641), score: 0.5 NFICnuclear factor I/C (CCAAT-binding transcription factor) (ENSG00000141905), score: 0.47 NFYCnuclear transcription factor Y, gamma (ENSG00000066136), score: 0.5 NKX2-5NK2 transcription factor related, locus 5 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000183072), score: 0.64 NKX2-6NK2 transcription factor related, locus 6 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000180053), score: 0.91 NOS3nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell) (ENSG00000164867), score: 0.53 NOTCH4notch 4 (ENSG00000204301), score: 0.54 NRAPnebulin-related anchoring protein (ENSG00000197893), score: 0.51 OGDHoxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide) (ENSG00000105953), score: 0.52 OLFML2Aolfactomedin-like 2A (ENSG00000185585), score: 0.49 OR52N4olfactory receptor, family 52, subfamily N, member 4 (ENSG00000181074), score: 0.62 OR6C4olfactory receptor, family 6, subfamily C, member 4 (ENSG00000179626), score: 0.78 ORMDL1ORM1-like 1 (S. cerevisiae) (ENSG00000128699), score: -0.51 OSMoncostatin M (ENSG00000099985), score: 0.47 P2RY8purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 8 (ENSG00000182162), score: 0.61 PACSIN3protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons 3 (ENSG00000165912), score: 0.49 PANK4pantothenate kinase 4 (ENSG00000157881), score: 0.54 PARVBparvin, beta (ENSG00000188677), score: 0.49 PDAP1PDGFA associated protein 1 (ENSG00000106244), score: 0.48 PDLIM3PDZ and LIM domain 3 (ENSG00000154553), score: 0.47 PEAR1platelet endothelial aggregation receptor 1 (ENSG00000187800), score: 0.52 PEBP4phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (ENSG00000134020), score: 0.48 PGAM2phosphoglycerate mutase 2 (muscle) (ENSG00000164708), score: 0.49 PI16peptidase inhibitor 16 (ENSG00000164530), score: 0.5 PIK3R6phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 6 (ENSG00000174083), score: 0.46 PKP2plakophilin 2 (ENSG00000057294), score: 0.47 PLECplectin (ENSG00000178209), score: 0.51 PLIN4perilipin 4 (ENSG00000167676), score: 0.49 PLNphospholamban (ENSG00000198523), score: 0.49 PNMTphenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (ENSG00000141744), score: 0.47 PNPLA2patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2 (ENSG00000177666), score: 0.47 POPDC2popeye domain containing 2 (ENSG00000121577), score: 0.56 PPP1R12Bprotein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 12B (ENSG00000077157), score: 0.47 PPP1R1Cprotein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1C (ENSG00000150722), score: 0.45 PPP1R3Aprotein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 3A (ENSG00000154415), score: 0.49 PPTC7PTC7 protein phosphatase homolog (S. cerevisiae) (ENSG00000196850), score: 0.48 PRELPproline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein (ENSG00000188783), score: 0.46 PSTKphosphoseryl-tRNA kinase (ENSG00000179988), score: -0.51 PTCD1pentatricopeptide repeat domain 1 (ENSG00000106246), score: 0.6 PTGES2prostaglandin E synthase 2 (ENSG00000148334), score: 0.45 PTP4A3protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 3 (ENSG00000184489), score: 0.55 PTPLBprotein tyrosine phosphatase-like (proline instead of catalytic arginine), member b (ENSG00000206527), score: -0.59 PTPRMprotein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, M (ENSG00000173482), score: 0.49 PTRFpolymerase I and transcript release factor (ENSG00000177469), score: 0.52 PUS7pseudouridylate synthase 7 homolog (S. cerevisiae) (ENSG00000091127), score: -0.49 RAI2retinoic acid induced 2 (ENSG00000131831), score: 0.49 RALYRNA binding protein, autoantigenic (hnRNP-associated with lethal yellow homolog (mouse)) (ENSG00000125970), score: 0.5 RAMP2receptor (G protein-coupled) activity modifying protein 2 (ENSG00000131477), score: 0.45 RARGretinoic acid receptor, gamma (ENSG00000172819), score: 0.53 RASIP1Ras interacting protein 1 (ENSG00000105538), score: 0.52 RBM20RNA binding motif protein 20 (ENSG00000203867), score: 0.5 RBM38RNA binding motif protein 38 (ENSG00000132819), score: 0.49 RBPMS2RNA binding protein with multiple splicing 2 (ENSG00000166831), score: 0.46 RDH13retinol dehydrogenase 13 (all-trans/9-cis) (ENSG00000160439), score: 0.48 RGS9BPregulator of G protein signaling 9 binding protein (ENSG00000186326), score: 0.6 RHOJras homolog gene family, member J (ENSG00000126785), score: 0.51 RILPL1Rab interacting lysosomal protein-like 1 (ENSG00000188026), score: 0.46 ROBO4roundabout homolog 4, magic roundabout (Drosophila) (ENSG00000154133), score: 0.52 RP1L1retinitis pigmentosa 1-like 1 (ENSG00000183638), score: 0.64 RPL3Lribosomal protein L3-like (ENSG00000140986), score: 0.67 RTN4reticulon 4 (ENSG00000115310), score: -0.51 SCN7Asodium channel, voltage-gated, type VII, alpha (ENSG00000136546), score: 0.46 SGCAsarcoglycan, alpha (50kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein) (ENSG00000108823), score: 0.58 SGCDsarcoglycan, delta (35kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein) (ENSG00000170624), score: 0.65 SGCGsarcoglycan, gamma (35kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein) (ENSG00000102683), score: 0.53 SGPP1sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1 (ENSG00000126821), score: -0.54 SH2D3CSH2 domain containing 3C (ENSG00000095370), score: 0.67 SIPA1L1signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 like 1 (ENSG00000197555), score: -0.48 SLBPstem-loop binding protein (ENSG00000163950), score: -0.54 SLC25A17solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; peroxisomal membrane protein, 34kDa), member 17 (ENSG00000100372), score: -0.51 SLC25A3solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; phosphate carrier), member 3 (ENSG00000075415), score: 0.47 SLC25A4solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; adenine nucleotide translocator), member 4 (ENSG00000151729), score: 0.58 SLC26A9solute carrier family 26, member 9 (ENSG00000174502), score: 0.54 SLC2A4solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4 (ENSG00000181856), score: 0.58 SLC30A2solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 2 (ENSG00000158014), score: 0.47 SLC35B4solute carrier family 35, member B4 (ENSG00000205060), score: -0.49 SLC41A1solute carrier family 41, member 1 (ENSG00000133065), score: 0.52 SLC5A1solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 1 (ENSG00000100170), score: 0.6 SLC9A3R2solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3 regulator 2 (ENSG00000065054), score: 0.49 SLCO5A1solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 5A1 (ENSG00000137571), score: 0.5 SMPXsmall muscle protein, X-linked (ENSG00000091482), score: 0.54 SMTNsmoothelin (ENSG00000183963), score: 0.51 SMYD1SET and MYND domain containing 1 (ENSG00000115593), score: 0.6 SNAPINSNAP-associated protein (ENSG00000143553), score: 0.51 SOX17SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 17 (ENSG00000164736), score: 0.54 SPAG7sperm associated antigen 7 (ENSG00000091640), score: 0.5 SPINT2serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type, 2 (ENSG00000167642), score: -0.51 SQLEsqualene epoxidase (ENSG00000104549), score: -0.5 SRFserum response factor (c-fos serum response element-binding transcription factor) (ENSG00000112658), score: 0.62 SRLsarcalumenin (ENSG00000185739), score: 0.59 SRP72signal recognition particle 72kDa (ENSG00000174780), score: -0.5 SSPNsarcospan (Kras oncogene-associated gene) (ENSG00000123096), score: 0.52 ST6GALNAC1ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ENSG00000070526), score: 0.45 ST8SIA6ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 6 (ENSG00000148488), score: 0.61 SYNMsynemin, intermediate filament protein (ENSG00000182253), score: 0.48 SYNPOsynaptopodin (ENSG00000171992), score: 0.45 SYNPO2synaptopodin 2 (ENSG00000172403), score: 0.49 SYNPO2Lsynaptopodin 2-like (ENSG00000166317), score: 0.62 SYTL3synaptotagmin-like 3 (ENSG00000164674), score: 0.52 TACC2transforming, acidic coiled-coil containing protein 2 (ENSG00000138162), score: 0.47 TAS1R3taste receptor, type 1, member 3 (ENSG00000169962), score: 0.74 TAX1BP3Tax1 (human T-cell leukemia virus type I) binding protein 3 (ENSG00000213977), score: 0.55 TBX18T-box 18 (ENSG00000112837), score: 0.56 TBX20T-box 20 (ENSG00000164532), score: 0.56 TBX5T-box 5 (ENSG00000089225), score: 0.5 TBXA2Rthromboxane A2 receptor (ENSG00000006638), score: 0.49 TCAPtitin-cap (telethonin) (ENSG00000173991), score: 0.54 TECRLtrans-2,3-enoyl-CoA reductase-like (ENSG00000205678), score: 0.47 TGM5transglutaminase 5 (ENSG00000104055), score: 0.57 THBS4thrombospondin 4 (ENSG00000113296), score: 0.5 THSD1thrombospondin, type I, domain containing 1 (ENSG00000136114), score: 0.54 TIMM22translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 22 homolog (yeast) (ENSG00000177370), score: 0.57 TLK1tousled-like kinase 1 (ENSG00000198586), score: -0.56 TMC6transmembrane channel-like 6 (ENSG00000141524), score: 0.47 TMEM109transmembrane protein 109 (ENSG00000110108), score: 0.47 TMEM173transmembrane protein 173 (ENSG00000184584), score: 0.47 TMEM204transmembrane protein 204 (ENSG00000131634), score: 0.46 TMEM88transmembrane protein 88 (ENSG00000167874), score: 0.51 TNFAIP1tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 1 (endothelial) (ENSG00000109079), score: 0.59 TNFRSF4tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 4 (ENSG00000186827), score: 0.45 TNMDtenomodulin (ENSG00000000005), score: 0.55 TNNC1troponin C type 1 (slow) (ENSG00000114854), score: 0.56 TNNI1troponin I type 1 (skeletal, slow) (ENSG00000159173), score: 0.45 TNNI3troponin I type 3 (cardiac) (ENSG00000129991), score: 0.54 TNNI3KTNNI3 interacting kinase (ENSG00000116783), score: 0.51 TNNT1troponin T type 1 (skeletal, slow) (ENSG00000105048), score: 0.61 TNNT2troponin T type 2 (cardiac) (ENSG00000118194), score: 0.55 TNNT3troponin T type 3 (skeletal, fast) (ENSG00000130595), score: 0.6 TPM1tropomyosin 1 (alpha) (ENSG00000140416), score: 0.56 TPOthyroid peroxidase (ENSG00000115705), score: 0.71 TRAF4TNF receptor-associated factor 4 (ENSG00000076604), score: -0.49 TRDNtriadin (ENSG00000186439), score: 0.59 TRIM54tripartite motif-containing 54 (ENSG00000138100), score: 0.52 TRIM63tripartite motif-containing 63 (ENSG00000158022), score: 0.55 TRIM7tripartite motif-containing 7 (ENSG00000146054), score: 0.45 TRPT1tRNA phosphotransferase 1 (ENSG00000149743), score: 0.51 TSHRthyroid stimulating hormone receptor (ENSG00000165409), score: 0.52 TSNtranslin (ENSG00000211460), score: -0.51 TSPAN32tetraspanin 32 (ENSG00000064201), score: 0.62 TSTD2thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (rhodanese)-like domain containing 2 (ENSG00000136925), score: 0.47 TXLNBtaxilin beta (ENSG00000164440), score: 0.5 UBAC1UBA domain containing 1 (ENSG00000130560), score: 0.52 UBL3ubiquitin-like 3 (ENSG00000122042), score: -0.53 UBLCP1ubiquitin-like domain containing CTD phosphatase 1 (ENSG00000164332), score: -0.5 UCNurocortin (ENSG00000163794), score: 0.69 UHRF1BP1LUHRF1 binding protein 1-like (ENSG00000111647), score: -0.51 UMODL1uromodulin-like 1 (ENSG00000177398), score: 0.61 UNC45Bunc-45 homolog B (C. elegans) (ENSG00000141161), score: 0.54 UQCCubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex chaperone (ENSG00000101019), score: 0.47 UQCRC1ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein I (ENSG00000010256), score: 0.69 UQCRC2ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein II (ENSG00000140740), score: 0.48 UQCRQubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, complex III subunit VII, 9.5kDa (ENSG00000164405), score: 0.47 USHBP1Usher syndrome 1C binding protein 1 (ENSG00000130307), score: 0.54 USP12ubiquitin specific peptidase 12 (ENSG00000152484), score: -0.59 VEGFBvascular endothelial growth factor B (ENSG00000173511), score: 0.52 VITvitrin (ENSG00000205221), score: 0.5 VWFvon Willebrand factor (ENSG00000110799), score: 0.58 WTIPWilms tumor 1 interacting protein (ENSG00000142279), score: 0.5 WWC1WW and C2 domain containing 1 (ENSG00000113645), score: -0.48 XIRP1xin actin-binding repeat containing 1 (ENSG00000168334), score: 0.59 YPEL5yippee-like 5 (Drosophila) (ENSG00000119801), score: -0.5 ZMYND17zinc finger, MYND-type containing 17 (ENSG00000166343), score: 0.67 ZNF366zinc finger protein 366 (ENSG00000178175), score: 0.61 ZNF629zinc finger protein 629 (ENSG00000102870), score: 0.46 ZNF76zinc finger protein 76 (expressed in testis) (ENSG00000065029), score: 0.5
| Id | species | tissue | sex | individual |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hsa_ht_m1_ca1 | hsa | ht | m | 1 |
| ggo_ht_m_ca1 | ggo | ht | m | _ |
| ggo_ht_f_ca1 | ggo | ht | f | _ |
